Well, just the 'processor handbook's (the little paperback things), I have about 30. (If you add devices, that probably doubles it.) I think my collection is complete. I was joking, but also serious. I really do think it was most likely marketing-driven. (See below for why I don't think it was engineering-driven, which leaves....) I wonder if there's anything in the DEC archives (a big chunk of which are now at the CHM) which would shed any light? Some of the archives are online there, e.g.: http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/memos/ but it seems to be mostly engineering (although there's some that would be characterized as marketing). I agree completely (although I extend it to multiple segments, each of which has the characterstics you describe). Which is why I think the original DEC nomenclature for the PDP-11's memory management was more appropriate - the description above is _exactly_ the functionality provided for each of the 8 'chunks' (to temporarily use a neutral term) of PDP-11 address space, which don't quack like most other 'pages' (to use the 'if it quacks like a duck' standard). One query I have comes from the usual goal of 'virtual memory' (which is the concept most tightly associated with 'pages'), which is to allow a process to run without all of its pages in physical memory. I don't know much about PDP-11 DEC OS's, but do any of them do this? (I.e. allow partial residency.) If not, that would be ironic (in view of the later name) - and, I think, evidence that the PDP-11 'chunks' aren't really pages. BTW, did you know that prior to the -11/45, there was a memory management device for the PDP-11 which provided 'real' paging, the KT11-B? More here: http://gunkies.org/wiki/KT11-B_Paging_Option I seem to recall some memos in the memo archive that discussed it; I _think_ it mentioned why they decided not to go that way in doing memory management for the /45, but I forget the details? (Maybe the performance hit of keeping the page tables in main memory was significant?)_ Err, Multics did that; the process' address space was split up into many segments (a true 2-dimensional naming system, with 18 bits of segment number), which were then split up into pages, for both virtual memory ('not all resident'), and for physical memory allocation. Although I suppose one could view that as two separate, sequential steps - i.e. i) the division into segments, and ii) the division of segments into pages. In fact, I take this approach in describing the Multics memory system, since it's easier to understand as two independent things. You seem to be thinking of segmentation a la Intel 8086, which is a hack they added to allow use of more memory (although I suspect that PDP-11 chunks were a hack of a similar flavour). At the time we are speaking of, the Intel 8086 did not exist (it came along quite few years later). The systems which supported segmentation, such as Multics, the Burroughs 5000 and successors, etc had 'real' segmentation, with a full two-dimensional naming system for memory. (Burroughs 5000 segment numbers were 10 bits wide.) It's also (IMNSHO) irrelevant to this. Intel's brain-damage is not the entirety of computer science (or shouldn't be). (BTW, later Intel xx86 machines did allow you have to 'holes' in segments, via the per-segment page tables.) The problem is that what PDP-11 memory management does isn't really like _either_ segmentation, or paging, as practised in other machines. With only 8 chunks, it's not like Multics etc, which have very large address spaces split up into many segments. (And maybe _that_'s why the name was changed - when people heard 'segments' they thought 'lots of them'.) However, it's not like paging on effectively all other systems with paging, because in them paging's used to provide virtual memory (in the sense of 'the process runs with pages missing from real memory'), and to make memory allocation simple by use of fixed-size page frames. So any name given PDP-11 'chunks' is going to have _some_ problems. It just thing 'segmentation' (as you defined it at the top) is a better fit than the alternative... Noel