Once you've used a device with lower case, upper case looks as offensive as a ransom note. I went through this in moving "up" from Whirlwind to IBM's 704. By 1969, we'd all had lower-case terminals in our homes for several years. So Unix was ASCII from the start. Upper-case from a TTY 33 was converted to lower. On the PDP-11, at least, there was an escape convention for upper case. I believe the lower-case convention was explained in the introduction. In particular if you logged in with an upper-case user name, the terminal driver was set to convert everything to lower. Remember, too, that 33's used yellow paper. For printing on white we had use other machines that had full ASCII support. Doug