Bakul Shah: Unfortunately strcpy & other buffer overflow friendly functions are still present in the C standard (I am looking at n2434.pdf, draft of Sept 25, 2019). Is C really not fixable? ==== If you mean `can C be made proof against careless programmers,' no. You could try but the result wouldn't be C. And Flon's Dictum applies anyway, as always. It's perfectly possible to program in C without overflowing fixed buffers, just as it's perfectly possible to program in C without dereferencing a NULL or garbage pointer. I don't claim to be perfect, but before the rtm worm rubbed my nose in such problems, I was often sloppy about them, and afterward I was very much aware of them and paid attention. That's all I ask: we need to pay attention. It's not about tools, it's about brains and craftmanship and caring more about quality than about feature count or shiny surfaces or pushing the product out the door. Which is a good bit of what was attractive about UNIX in the first place--that both its ideas and its implementation were straightforward and comprehensible and made with some care. (Never mind that it wasn't perfect either.) Too bad software in general and UNIX descendants in particular seem to have left all that behind. Norman Wilson Toronto ON PS: if you find this depressing, cheer yourself up by watching the LCM video showing off UNICS on the PDP-7. I just did, and it did.