TUHS

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6471 discussions

by Dave Horsfall

The ARPAnet reached four nodes on this day in 1969 (anyone know their names?); at least one "history" site reckoned the third node was connected in 1977 (and I'm still waiting for a reply to my correction). Well, I can believe that perhaps there were only three left by then... Hmmm... According to my notes, the nodes were UCSB, UCLA, SRI, and Utah. -- Dave

6 years, 4 months

In Memoriam: John Lions

by Dave Horsfall

We lost Dr. John Lions of this day in 1998; he was one of my Comp Sci lecturers (yes, I helped him write The Book, and yes, you'll find my name in the back). -- Dave

6 years, 4 months

Happy birthday, John Backus!

by Dave Horsfall

As every computer programmer should know, John Backus was emitted in 1924; he gave us the BNF syntax (he is the "B"), but he also gave us that FORTRAN obscenity... Yeah, it was a nice language at the time; the engineers loved it, but tthe computer scientists hated it (have you ever tried to debug a FORTRAN program that somebody else wrote?). Trivia: there is no way that FORTRAN can be described in any syntax; it is completely ad-hoc. -- Dave

6 years, 4 months

> there is no way that FORTRAN can be described in any syntax

by Doug McIlroy

I did just that. The National Bureau of Standards picked it up in NBS Handbook 131, "Using ANS FORTRAN" (1980). It is expressed in the same formalism that Burroughs used for Algol. Doug

6 years, 4 months

The (un)importance of roff

by Doug McIlroy

Thhis is a cross-posting from the groff mailing list, where it was speculated that without roff there might be no Unix. Old hands will be familiar with the story. > Without roff, Unix might well have disappeared. The patent department and the AT&T president's office are the only in-house examples I know where Unix was adopted because of *roff. The important adoptions, which led Berk Tague to found a separate Unix Support Group, were mainstream telephone applications and PWB, a Unix-based IDE. The first telephone application happened in the field. An engineer in Charlotte, NC, heard of this cheap easily programmed system and proposed to use it to automate the scheduling and dispatch of maintenance on the floor of a wire center. Ken visited to help get them started. The first Bell Labs telephone application was automating the analysis of central-office trouble reports. These had been voluminous stacks of punched cards that reported every anomaly detected in huge electromechanical switches. The Unix application captured the data on line and identfied systematic failures in real time. The patent adoption was a direct result of Joe Ossanna's salesmaship. Other early adopters were self-motivated, but the generous support lent by Ken, Joe, and others was certainly a tipping force that helped turn isolated events into a self-sustaining movement. Doug

6 years, 4 months

man-page style

by Doug McIlroy

Regardless of standards considerations, if there's any advice that needs to be hammered into man authors, it's to be concise and accurate, but not pedantic. As Will Strunk commanded, "Omit needless words." The most needless words of all are promotional. No man page should utter words like "powerful", "extraordinarily versatile", "user-friendly", or "has a wide range of options". As another instance of the rule, it would be better to recommend short subtitles than to help make them long by recommending quotes. If anything is said about limited-length macros, it would best be under BUGS. As editor for v7-v10, I would not offer v7 as a canonical model. It owed its use of boldface in SYNOPIS to the limited number of fonts (Typically R,F,I,S) that could be on our typesetter at the same time. For v9 we were able to follow Kernighan and adopt a distinct literals font (L, which happened to be Courier but could have been identified with bold had we wished). I still think this is the best choice. As for options, v7 is a very poor model. It has many pages that describe options in line, just as v1 had done for its few options (called flags pre-v7). By v10 all options were displayed in a list format. For nagging reasons of verbal continuity, the options displays were prefaced by *needless words* like, "The following options are recognized". A simple OPTIONS heading would be better. Unfortunately, an OPTIONS heading would intrude between the basic description and less important details that follow the options. (I don't agree that it would come too closely after DESCRIPTION; a majority of man pages already have even shorter sections.) OPTIONS could be moved to the end of DESCRIPTION. However, options may well be the biggest reason for quick peeks at man pages; they should be easy to spot. It has reasonably been suggested that OPTIONS should be a .SS subsection. That might be followed by .SS DETAILS. Doug

6 years, 4 months

Re: [TUHS] man-page style

by norman＠oclsc.org

Grant: Sorry, I mistook the context to be that you wrote something to write the cf file / language for you. === Yep, evidently I didn't write clearly enough. Sorry about that. (Which links us nicely back to the Subject: line, and the concise clarity of the original manual-entry style!) Norman Wilson Toronto ON

6 years, 4 months

Re: [TUHS] man-page style

by Norman Wilson

WIlliam Cheswick <ches(a)cheswick.com> wrote: > As for the configuration: when Norman Wilson moved to Toronto, he > implemented some form of little language for configuring sendmail, > treating it somewhat as an assembly language. Bill's half right. I didn't invent a language; I used what was there. I decided that the best way to deal with Sendmail's own configuration language was to treat it as I would the assembly language for a specialized, irregularly-designed microprocessor: 1. Understand as well as possible what the instructions actually do; 2. Write the simplest possible program that will get the job done; 3. Avoid extra layers of macros and so on that hide the details, because that also hides the irregularities and makes it harder to understand and debug; 4. By the same reason, don't just copy someone else's program that does something complicated; write your own and do things simply. Sendmail has plenty of design flaws (not just in the language), as I'm sure Eric will acknowledge; but I think the biggest problem people have had with it that most people copied the rather-complicated sample configuration files shipped with the source rather than just reading the manual, doing a few experiments to understand the behaviour, and writing something simple. On the other hand, I've never quite understood why so many people treat device drivers as scary and untouchable, copying an existing one and hacking it until it seems to work rather than understanding what the device actually does and writing a simple program to control it. So perhaps my brain just doesn't work normally. Norman Wilson Toronto ON

6 years, 4 months

Re: [TUHS] [OT] azel - was Re: In Memoriam: J.F.Ossanna

by Toby Thain

On 2018-11-29 1:04 PM, Ken Thompson wrote: > its name became astro and it is on the old backup tapes. > written in c. it has old elements for everything. published Thanks. Was it rewritten? Your story has it dating at least back to 1966, which made me think it might not have been C. --Toby > elements are now in a different form and a different time > base, so it needs updating to bring it into the 21st century. > if all you want is the earth, moon, and sun, then it might > be ok. the earth rotation fudge (delta-t) might need to be > re-estimated to get second accuracy. > > > On Thu, Nov 29, 2018 at 9:54 AM, Toby Thain <toby(a)telegraphics.com.au> wrote: >> On 2018-11-27 11:48 PM, Ken Thompson via TUHS wrote: >>> ... >>> a version of azel was maintained all the time >>> i was at bell labs. >> >> As soon as I read this it's been on my mind to ask: Does this program >> survive? Presumably it was Fortran? What did it run on? >> >> --Toby >> >

6 years, 4 months

Re: [TUHS] In Memoriam: J. F. Ossanna

by Doug McIlroy

> Joe sold the (not really existent) UNIX system to the patent department of AT&T, > which in turn bought the urgently needed PDP11. Without that there would be no > UNIX. Without Joe there would be no UNIX. That one's an urban legend. The PDP-11 was indeed a gift from another department, thanks to a year-end budget surplus. Unix was up and running on that machine when Joe corralled the patent department. Nevertheless the story is consistent with Joe's talent for playing (or skirting) the system to get things done. After Joe, the talent resurfaced in the person of Fred Grampp. Lots of tales await Grampp's popping up from Dave Horsford's calendar. > Runoff was moved to Multics fairly early: here's its entry from the Multics > glossary: "A Multics BCPL version of runoff was written by Doug McIlroy > and Bob Morris." Morris did one port and called it roff. I did the BCPL one, adding registers, but not macros. Molly Wagner contributed a hyphenation algorithm. Ken and/or Dennis redid roff in PDP-11 assembler. Joe started afresh for the grander nroff, including macros. Then Joe bought a phototypesetter ... > Sun was sort of the Bell Labs of the time ... I wanted to go there and had > to work at it a bit but I got there. Was Bell Labs in the 60's like that? Yes, in desirability. But Bell Labs had far more diverse interests. Telephones, theoretical physics, submarine cables, music, speech, fiber optics, Apollo. Wahtever you wanted to know or work on, you were likely to find kindred types and willing management. > was that voice synthesizer a votrax or some other thing? Yes. Credit Joe again. He had a penchant for hooking up novel equipment. When the Votrax arrived, its output was made accessible by phone and also by loudspeaker in the Unix lab. You had to feed it a stream of ASCII- encoded phonemes. Lee McMahon promptly became adept at writing them down. After a couple of days' play in the lab, Lee was working in his office with the Votrax on speakerphone in the background. Giving no notice, he typed the phonemes for "It sounds better over the telephone". Everyone in the lab heard it clearly--our own "Watson, come here" moment. But phonemes are tedious. Believing that it could ease the task of phonetic transcription, I wrote a phonics program, "speak", through which you could feed English text for conversion to phonemes. At speak's inaugural run, Bob Morris typed one word, "oarlock", and pronounced the program a success. Luckily he didn't try "coworker", which the program would have rendered as "cow orker". Max Matthews from acoustics research called it a breakthrough. The acoustics folks could synthesize much better speech, but it took minutes of computing to synthesize seconds of sounds. So the Unix lab heard more synthetic speech in a few days than the experts had created over all time. One thing we learned is that people quickly get used to poor synthetic speech just like they get used to foreign accents. In fact, non-native speakers opined that the Votrax was easier to understand than real people, probably due to the bit of silence that the speak program inserted between words to help with mental segmentation. One evening someone in the Unix room playing with the synthesizer noticed a night janitor listening in from the corridor. In a questionable abuse of a non-exempt employee, the Unix person typed, "Stop hanging around around and get back to work." The poor janitor fled. AT&T installed speak for the public to play with at Epcot. Worried that folks would enter bad words that everybody standing around could hear, they asked if I could filter them out. Sure, I said, just provide me with a list of what to delete. Duly, I received on letterhead from the VP for public relations a list of perhaps twenty bad words. (I have always wondered about the politics of asking a secretary to type that letter.) It was reported that girls would try the machine on people's names, while boys would discover that the machine "didn't know" bad words (though it would happily pronounce phonetic misspellings). Alas, I mistakenly discarded the infamous letter in cleaning house to leave Bell Labs. Doug

6 years, 4 months

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