31 Aug
2019
31 Aug
'19
6:58 p.m.
On Wed, 28 Aug 2019 at 19:19, Theodore Y. Ts'o <tytso(a)mit.edu> wrote:
On Wed, Aug 28, 2019 at 04:07:39PM -0400, Christopher
Browne wrote:
Thanks, patched! :-) And yes, I agree that you weren't arguing for the
impending relevance of Hurd. Nevertheless, at the time, there were
people making the argument that Hurd would Real Soon Now make
Linux irrelevant.
- Hurd was imagined to be the next thing...
To borrow from my cookie file...
"I am aware of the benefits of a micro kernel approach. However, the
fact remains that Linux is here, and GNU isn't --- and people have
been working on Hurd for a lot longer than Linus has been working on
Linux." -- Ted T'so, 1992.
That's "Ts'o" :-), and that quote wasn't my arguing that Hurd
would be
the next thing. It was people had been working on the Hurd for
*years* (starting 1984) and it still wasn't real. If it wasn't going
to be real after eight years, another eighty probably wouldn't have
helped.
And a lot of this was because was because RMS was hard
to work with,
and he was a purist. Pretty much very *definition* of the perfect
should always be the enemy of the "good enough".
In fact, at one point Thomas Bushnell, one of the senior Hurd
developers pushed to have the Hurd switch to using BSD 4.4-Lite, and
Stallman refused[1].
“RMS was a very strong believer, wrongly, I think, in a very greedy
algorithm approach to code reuse issues,” Thomas Bushnell later
remembered.
“My first choice was to take the BSD 4.4-Lite release and make a
kernel. I knew the code, I knew how to do it. It is now perfectly
obvious to me that this would have succeeded splendidly and the
world would be a very different place today. RMS wanted to work
together with people from Berkeley on such an effort. Some of them
were interested, but some seem to have been
deliberately dragging
their feet: and the reason now seems to be that they had the goal
of spinning off BSDI. A GNU based on 4.4-Lite would undercut BSDI.”
As Bushnell describes it, Stallman came to the conclusion that
“Mach is a working kernel. 4.4-Lite is only partial. We will go
with Mach.”
[1]
https://web.archive.org/web/20121228225905/http://www.linuxuser.co.uk/featu…
I haven't seen reference to Bushnell in a long time; looks like he has
shifted to ecclesiastical matters. He was up to some interesting
software things, once upon a time.
The tales of Stallman being stubborn are not rare.
It's interesting that perhaps BSDI was a reason for GNU avoiding 4.4-Lite.
That points to why the "what might have been" is very troublesome to track
down. Alternatives always interact with one another...
That's probably one of the other things that may
have hampered BSD.
The BSD license made it easier (or at least made easier business
models) for monetizing BSD, and some of the most talented people went
off to make a buck off of BSD. BSDI, Sun, NetApp, Wasabi Systems, etc.
Nothing wrong with that of course, and if people like Bill Joy were
able to make bank based on BSD, more power to them. But it probably
removed from the leadership pool people who might have had better
leadership, and technical architect skills who might have led one of
the *BSD's to greater success.
The GPL makes it harder to monetize Linux --- although, as we've seen,
certainly not impossible --- and if you take a look at the most of the
senior technical people at Linux, none of us have made off as well as,
say, Bill Joy. I'm still a working stiff, and don't have enough to
retire. (That's OK; I'm perfectly happy being part of the 99%. :-)
Yeah, there's dysfunction everywhere :-).
Over the years, I have heard BSD folk blasting Linux over Linus' occasional
lack of tact; that is very much a road MORE travelled by a great many
projects. Hurd's challenges starved it of staff, definitely unhelpful.
BSD had both amicable as well as ridiculously non-amicable forks.
It's not at trivial to get the right balance and plenty easy for missteps
to lead to disaster.
As vast overgeneralizations of the extremes, pure diplomats don't get
anything done, whilst jerks don't get enough help to support upgrading to
the next generation of motherboards/disk drives/graphics cards. Successful
systems fall somewhere in between.
--
When confronted by a difficult problem, solve it by reducing it to the
question, "How would the Lone Ranger handle this?"
Anyway, Hurd *might* have been a "next
thing," and I don't think the
popularity of Linux was enough to have completely taken wind out of its
sails, given that there's the dozens of "Unix homages" out there.
Given who called the shots (and it wasn't the key people actually
doing most of the technical work, such as Bushnell) I actually think
it's not very likely Hurd could have succeeded. RMS actually tried to
recruit me to work on the Hurd as well, and I refused, because of
project leadership concerns. (Again, feel free to hate on Linus's
management style, but there were far worse ones in the open source OS
world at the time.)
- Ted