24 May
2003
24 May
'03
5:42 a.m.
--- Dennis Ritchie <dmr(a)plan9.bell-labs.com> wrote:
1BSD ls.c has:
for(;;) {
p = &dentry;
for (j=0; j<16; j++)
*p++ = getc(&inf);
if (dentry.dinode==0
|| aflg==0 && dentry.dname[0]=='.')
continue;
if (dentry.dinode == -1)
break;
ep = gstat(makename(dir, dentry.dname), 0);
if (ep->lnum != -1)
ep->lnum = dentry.dinode;
for (j=0; j<14; j++)
ep->lname[j] = dentry.dname[j];
}
so it skips all that start with "." unless aflg is set from invoking ls with
-a.
I got it from the 1BSD tape that is on the CSRG archive CD-ROM set. I had to
port ar11 to FreeBSD/i386 to get the sources out of the cont.a files. If
anyone wants my port of ar11 I can send it to them.
ls.c starts with this block of comments:
#
/*
* ls - list file or directory
*
* Modified by Bill Joy UCB May/August 1977
*
* This version of ls is designed for graphic terminals and to
* list directories with lots of files in them compactly.
* It supports three variants for listings:
*
* 1) Columnar output.
* 2) Stream output.
* 3) Old one per line format.
*
* Columnar output is the default.
* If, however, the standard output is not a teletype, the default
* is one-per-line.
*
* With columnar output, the items are sorted down the columns.
* We use columns only for a directory we are interpreting.
* Thus, in particular, we do not use columns for
*
* ls /usr/bin/p*
*
* This version of ls also prints non-printing characters as '?' if
* the standard output is a teletype.
*
* Flags relating to these and other new features are:
*
* -m force stream output.
*
* -1 force one entry per line, e.g. to a teletype
*
* -q force non-printings to be '?'s, e.g. to a file
*
* -c force columnar output, e.g. into a file
*
* -n like -l, but user/group id's in decimal rather than
* looking in /etc/passwd to save time
*/
It's interesting they called CRTs "graphic terminals".
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The V7 ls(1)
man page says that the -s option, which prints total
blocks, includes any indirect blocks.
However, the V7 struct stat didn't have the
st_blocks member in the
struct stat, and the code in ls.c uses
long
nblock(size)
long size;
{
return((size+511)>>9);
}
So, is this just a case of the man page being
mistaken?
Yes, it looks like a manual bug. Retrieving
the true number of indirect blocks isn't possible
from the 7th edition stat. I'm not sure when (or by
whom) the st_blocks member was added.
While I'm at it, the V7 ls -a option only
adds . and .. to the
list; apparently all other dot files were printed by default.
When did ls change such that -a applied to all dot files?
UCB or USL did this (I'm sure which first).
Both tended to use more . files.
Dennis
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