I'm tooling around doing my annual dive into operating systems ancient
and not-so-ancient and I've gotten back around to v7 because it has a
working f77 in baseline. The 3b2 has f77 as an installable package but
it crashes and burns with read statements like: read *,var - in both
sysvr2 and sysvr3. After consulting with the fortran expert, I'm gonna
chalk it up to "man there's a lot of backstory to these seemingly simple
issues" and just work with v7... in full disclosure f77 also seems to
work fine on 211bsd, but that's too new for today's dive :).
Anyhow, I ran through my install notes from back in 2017 and did a few
updates on them to update urls (would everyone just go ahead and move to
https already?), fix some clunky examples, fix some typos, and update to
a more recent host environment (although some would argue that Mojave is
out of date - just give me a drop in replacement for Adobe Acrobat Pro X
(a 32 bit app) that doesn't phone home every 5 minutes and I'll move to
Monterey). Version 1.7 of the doc is posted on the blog:
https://decuser.blogspot.com/
Anyway, now I'm ready to add stuff to my shiny new v7 instance and
document the additions. So, on to the question of the hour... I did some
looking around and couldn't easily locate any v7 software archives for
additional software that will run on v7 (not the distros, which are
adequately hosted in the Unix Archive). Stuff like pascal, fortran iv,
fortran 90, basic, lisp and the ilk. Do y'all know of any good caches?
Later,
Will
So, I was bemoaning the fact that I couldn't really make sense of the
bas command in v7. In sysv2, it works and is similar enough to modern
dialects that I was able to get a simple example working, but with v7,
the best I was able to do was use it interactively, as a calculator.
Then I went looking for v7 videos on youtube and came across this Dr.
Dave's Diversions video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZUMNZTUJos
In it Dr. Dave demos a few simple versions of 99 bottles of beer in v7.
Wow! I wondered how he'd glommed the inner workings of bas - did he read
a book, just know it naturally, phone a friend, or what? Well, as it
turned out, he... wait for it... read the bas(1) man page! Wha?!
Ridiculous. So, I pulled out my v7 phone book and read the bas(1) man
page and sure enough, it was all there... how '_' is used for negation,
how those arcane for loops work, arrays?!, function calls?!, etc and so
on, all in 3 short pages.
So, two observations:
1. Those man pages from back in the day - wow. So terse, yet so well
written. With a little help from a friend (thanks, Dr Dave), they're
really all you need, sometimes.
2. Those early apps - wow. So obscure these days, but so ahead of their
time, too (thanks, Ken for making Dec 2021 interesting by doing what you
did back in the early 70's).
And a question (you knew it was coming): Besides the bas(1) page, is
there anything else written on Ken's basic out there in the wild? Oh,
and a bonus question, draw and erase from v5 appear to still be around
in v7, but not documented in the man page. Did it work and has anyone
written a Tektronix 611 emulator that works with v7?
Thanks,
Will
I'm a little flummoxed in trying to move some directories around in
svr2. Shouldn't the following work?
mkdir a
mkdir b
mv a b
I get the following error:
mv: b exists
I tried many of the possible variants including:
mv a b/
mv: b/ exists
mv a b/a
mv: directory rename only
cd b
mv ../a .
mv: . exists
mv ../a ./
mv: ./ exists
mv ../a ./a
mv: directory rename only
If moving directories into existing directories wasn't allowed in those
days, 1) how were directories managed? and 2) when did moving
directories into directories become a thing?
Are there any extant 2.11 manuals other than the online manual and various install and configure PDFs, available for download?
Also, am I understanding correctly that 2.11 is 2.10 plus some 4.3 backports and a ton of patches? If there aren’t any 2.11 specific docs, what would be the closest of what is available?
Will
Sent from my iPhone
> From: Clem Cole
> Try it on V6 or V7 and you will get 'directory exists' as an error.
The V6 'mv' is prepared to move a directory _within_ a directory (i.e.
'rename' functionality). I'm not sure why it's not prepared to move within
a partition; probably whoever wrote it wasn't prepared to deal with all the
extra work for that (unlink from the old '..', then link to the '..' in the
new directory, etc, etc).
(The MIT PWB1 had a 'mvdir' written by Jeff Schiller, so PWB1 didn't have
'move directory' functionality before that. MIT must have been using the PWB1
system for 6.031, which I didn't recall; the comments in 'mvdir' refer to it
being used there.)
The V6 'mv' is fairly complicated (as I found out when I tried to modify it
to use 'smdate()', so that moving a file didn't change its 'last write'
date). Oddly enough, it is prepared to do cross-partition 'moves' (it forks a
'cp' to do the move). Although on V6, 'cp' only does one file; 'cp *.c
{dest}' was not supported, there was 'cpall' for that. (Why no 'mvall', I
wonder? It would have been trivial to clone 'cpall'.)
Run fact; the V6 'mv' is the place that has the famous (?) "values of B will
give rise to dom!" error message (in the directory-moing section).
> if the BSD mv command for 4.1 supported it. If it did then it was not
> atomic -- it would have had to create the new directory, move the
> contents independently and then remove the old one.
Speaking of atomic operation, in V6 'mkdir' (not being a system call) was
not atomic, so if interrupted at 'just the right time', it could leave
the FS in an inconsistent state. That's the best reason I've come across
to make 'mkdir' a system call - it can be made atomic that way.
Noel
> what was the last Unix version
> that let users make arbitrary links, such that the file system was no
> longer a DAG? I recall in v6 days hearing that earlier Unix allowed
> this, and that cleanup (via icheck and friends) got to be near
> impossible.
>From v1 on (I'm not sure about PDP-7 Unix) only the superuser could do
that, so what you heard strikes me as urban legend. Perhaps some
installations abused root privilege to scramble the file system, but I
certainly didn't see that happen in Research systems.
Doug
On Dec 29, 2021, at 8:01 AM, Bakul Shah <bakul(a)iitbombay.org> wrote:
> On Dec 29, 2021, at 7:18 AM, Clem Cole <clemc(a)ccc.com> wrote:
>>
>> Think about the UNIX FS and the link system call. How is mv implemented? You link the file to the new directory and the unlink it from the old one. But a directory file can not be in two directories at the same time as the .. link would fail.
>
> Don’t see why linking a dir in two places is a problem.
To expand on this a bit, the “cd ..” case can be handled by not storing a ..
link in a dir. in the first place! Store the $PWD path in the u struct. Then
cd .. would simply lop off the last component, if one exists. Thus .. takes
you back only on the path you used! This also takes care of the issue with
symlinks (& does what csh did in user code).
The first specific mention of moving directories in Research is in
v10, but I'm sure that was implemented considerably earlier. The only
things special about moving a directory were that it needed root
privilege and checked against moving a directory into itself. As with
ordinary files, copying (with loss of hard links) happened only when
moving between different file systems. As far as I know, no atomicity
precautions were taken.
The core system of svr2 distributed by ATT for the 3b2-400 doesn't come
with manpages installed. Does anybody know of a set of manpages for SVR2
that can be installed into the system? It's not the end of the world, if
not... the user guide is available as a pdf, but it'd be handy to have
man on the system.
Will
Is it possible to use echo to send a vt-100 escape sequence in v6/v7/sysvr2?
I can write a c program to clear the screen and go home in sysvr2:
#define ASCII_ESC 27
main()
{
printf( "%c[2J", ASCII_ESC );
printf( "%c[H", ASCII_ESC );
}
and it works fine. I can type the escape sequences in as well, but I'd
just as soon write a shell script with an echo '[[2J;[[H' or something
similar without having to compile a clear command. Is it possible and
what do I need to know :)?.
Thanks,
Will
