TUHS

tuhs@tuhs.org

5 participants
6532 discussions

by ron minnich

can someone point me at the earliest version of whereis? I first saw it in 4.1, but maybe it came sooner. Also, if you've got a link to man pages, thanks in advance. I'm trying but failing to find it. My daughter says I suck at web search, which, given where I work, is a bid sad :-)

3 years, 2 months

Re: [TUHS] Interesting commentary on Unix from Multicians.

by jnc＠mercury.lcs.mit.edu

> From: Rich Morin <rdm(a)cfcl.com> > I'd love to hear from some folks who have used both Multics and > Unix(ish) systems about things that differ and how they affect the > user experience. {This is a bit behind the flow of the conversation, because I wanted to ponder for a while what I was going to say on this, to me, important topic.} Technicaly, I don't quite qualify (more below), but I do have an interesting perspective: I was the very first Unix person in the 'Multics' group at MIT-LCS - the Computer Systems Group, which contained Corby and Jerry Saltzer. The interesting thing, which may surprise some people, is that I _never_ got any 'anti-Unix' static from anyone in the group, that I can remember. (Maybe one grad student, who was a bit abrasive, but he and I had a run-in that was mostly? caused by my fairly rapid assumption, as an un-paid undergrad, of a significant role in the group's on-going research work. So that may have bled across a bitt, to Unix, which was 'my' baby.) I'm not sure what _they_ all made of Unix. None of us knew, of course, where it was going to go. But I don't recall getting any 'oh, it's just a toy system' (an attitude I'm _very_ familiar with, since it was what the TCP/IP people got from _some_ members of what later became the ISO effort). Of course, our Unix was a tiny little PDP-11/40 - not a building-sized multi-processor 'information utility' mainframe - so they may well have not thought of it in the same frame as Multics. Also, by the time I arrived the group was doing nothing on Multics (except below); everyone was focused on networks. So OS's were no longer a topic of much research interest, which may also have contributed. Anyway, technically, I don't count for the above, because I never actualy wrote code on Multics. However, I had studied it extensively, and I worked very closely with Dave Clark (a younger Multics light, later a leading figure in the early TCP/IP work) on projects that involved Multics and my machine, so I got to see up close what Multics was like as a system environment, as he worked on his half of the overall project. I've also pondered Multics in the decades since; so here's my take. I really, really liked Unix (we were running what turns out to have been basicaly a PWB1 system - V6, with some minor upgrades). I learned about it the way many did; I read the manuals, and then dove into the system source (which I came to know quite well, as I was tasked with producing a piece that involved a major tweak - asynchronous 'raw' DMA I/O directly to user processes). Unfortunately, one of the two (to me) best things about Unix, is something it has since lost - which is its incredible bang/buck ratio - to be more precise, the functionality/complexity ratio of the early versions of the system. (Its other important aspect, I think, was that its minimal demands of the underlying hardware [unlike Multics, which was irretrievably bound to the segmentation, and the inter-segment data and code connection] along with its implementation in what turned out to be a fairly portable language (except for the types; I had to make up what amounted to new ones.) So, what was Multics' major difference from other systems - and why was it good? I'd say that it was Multics' overall structuring mechanisms - the single-level store, with the ability to have code and data pointers between segments - and what that implied for both the OS itself, and major 'applications' (some of them part of the OS, although not the 'kernel' - like networking code). Unix had (and still may have, I'm not up on Linux, etc) a really major, hard boundary beween 'user' code, in processes,and the kernel. There are 'instructions' that invoke system primitives - but not too many, and limited interactions across that boundary. So, restricted semantics. Which was good in that it helped keep the system simple and clear - but it limited the flexibilty and richness of the interface. (Imagine building a large application which had a hard boundary across the middle of it, with extremely limited interactions across the boundary. Just so with the interface in Unix between 'user' code, and the kernel.) Multics is very different. The interface to the OS is subroutine calls, and one can easily pass complex data structures, including pointers to other data, any of which can be in the 'user's' memory, as arguments to them. The _exact_ same _kind_ of interface was available to _other_ major subsystems, not just the OS kernel. As I've mentioned before, Dave's TCP/IP for Multics was not in the kernel - it was ordinary user code! And he was able to work on it, test and install new versions - while the system was up for normal useage! Dave's TCP/IP subsystem included i) a process, which received all incoming ackets, and also managed/handled a lot of the timers involved (e.g. retransmission timeouts); ii) data segment(s), which included things like buffered un-acknowledged data (so that if a retransmission timer went off, the process would wake up and retransmit the data); iii) code segment(s): iiia) some for use by the process, like incoming packet processing; iiib) some which were logically part of the subsystem, but which were called by subroutine calls from the _user_'s process; and iiic) some which were commands (called by the user's shell), which called those iiib) procedures. (There were issues in security because Multics didn't have the equivalent of 'set-user-id' on a cross-subsystem subroutine calls - although I think there had been plans early on for that. When Dave's code was taken over by Honeywell, for 'production' use, whole whole thing was moved into a lower ring, so the database didn't have to be world-writeable in the user ring.) This is typical of the kind of structure that was relatively easy to build in Multics. Yes, one can do similar application without all those underlying mechanism; but Turing-completeness says one doeesn't need stacks to compute anything - but would any of us want to work in a system that didn't have stacks? We have stacks because they are useful. True, simple user applications don't need all that - but as one builds more and more complex support subsytems, that kind of environment turns out to be good to have. Think of a window system, in that kind of environment. Those 'tools' (inter-segment subroutine calls, etc) were created to build the OS, but they turned out to be broadly useful for _other_ complicated subsystems. I'm not sure I've explained this all wel, but I'm not sure I can fully cover the topic with less than a book. Noel

3 years, 2 months

Sad News - we last two wonderful people in the past few weeks.

by Clem Cole

I personally lost two friends and former colleagues recently that these list probably wants to know about. I just heard from Lynne Jolitz, Bill's wife. It seems he passed away about a month ago after a long illness. Most of you know he was the original force behind the BSD 386 development. I know little more than what I have just reported at this time, but will pass on any info as I learn it. Also in other news, not Unix related, but PDP-11 and the computer graphics world. We lost Jack Burness a few weeks ago. Jack was the author of the original "Moonlander" for the PDP-11 with which many of us wasted many hours trying to pick up "a Big Mac with fries" at "Mare Assabet." [Note: There was no WWW/Wikipedia in those days to find it, but to look up Assabet River, so many people naively thought it was a legitimate lunar landmark - its the River that the DEC Maynard bldg sits]. He was a larger than life person [his joke's mailing list was a whos-who of the computer industry - it was an honor to be on it]. We all have a passel of stories about Jack. I have written separately about Jack a number of times and if you have never looked at the source to Moonlander, you own it yourself to read it. Remember he wrote it as a throw-away demo for the GT-40 for trade show [his integer transcendental funcs are quite instructive]. As one of the folks on the Masscomp Alumni list put it, 'Jack was someone that just does not deserve to die.' This is the announcement Maureen published in the DEC Alumni list. ************************** January 20, 2022 ******************************** Our sincere condolences to Maureen Burness and all friends in CXO and elsewhere on the passing of her husband, *Jack Burness*, 75, Colorado Springs, who left us on January 20, 2022. Maureen said: With his bigger than life personality, humor, and intellect, he was loved and respected by so many people, including his devoted family. Born in Brooklyn, NY in 1946, he received his Engineering Degree from Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute and was employed by DEC, Maynard in the early days and then here in Colorado Springs. Many of you knew he had a huge appetite for the outdoors of Colorado and Martha’s Vineyard and joined him in his sometimes-disastrous adventures.

3 years, 2 months

Interesting commentary on Unix from Multicians.

by Dan Cross

I came across this talk that, apparently, was meant to be part of a documentary about timesharing systems at MIT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZPYBDA6XVo This "episode" features McCarthy, Corbato, Fano, Fredkin, and Philip Morse talking about Multics. Starting at ~12:15m they talk about the triumvirate of MIT, GE and Bell Labs and some of the challenges with distributed work. Around the 14 minute mark, they talk about Bell Labs exiting the project, and touch briefly on the development of Unix. Interesting quotes include Fano talking about different objectives from the different organizations, Corby saying, "they [Bell Labs] dropped out three-quarters of the way through the race" (referring to Multics), Fano asserting that BTL left after the _research_ part of the project was essentially completed, and Corbato talking about the influence of Multics on Unix design (Corby refers to Multics as Ken and Dennis's "prototype" and calls Unix a "second generation Multics"). This was all shot in the early 1980s. The rest is interesting, but mostly unrelated to Unix. - Dan C. (PS: As an aside, Fano lighting up a cigarette at about 19:20 was particularly striking: my, how times have changed.)

3 years, 2 months

Re: [TUHS] Why does shell write to stderr?

by Douglas McIlroy

How would you wish to interact with /bin/bash >file Doug

3 years, 2 months

Re: [TUHS] Interesting commentary on Unix from Multicians.

by jnc＠mercury.lcs.mit.edu

> From: Clem Cole > Not to put too fine a point on it, It seems like it would be fair to > say Multics was 'complete' by the time Organick published his book This is a pretty ill-judged claim, IMO - but not for any particulars about the Organick book, etc. The problem is more global. When was UNIX 'complete' - when the first people were able to do real work on the PDP-7? When non-programmer clerks from the patent group were able to use the assembler UNIX on the PDP-11 to format parent documents? When it was re-written in C for the 4th Edition (since the _portability_ of UNIX was IMO perhaps the greatest factor in its eventual domination)? Etc, etc, etc. The exact same problem applies to the question of 'when was Multics 'complete''. > don't know when it first appeared and can not seem to find it. ... I > bet I have the 3rd printing. ... Anyone have a first edition around > with the publication date? The third printing _is_ the first edition. Anyway, it doesn't matter - see above. And of course even if the book _wriring_ was finished at time T, it wouldn't have been printed until some unknown time later. So that's really pretty useless as a temporal marker; we have much better ones availablw. > From: Dan Cross > I can't see any indication that this is anything other than the first > printing. My 3rd printing says 3rd was 1980, 2nd in 1976, and copyright 1972. > Organick's book is often said to describe an earlier version of the > system Yes; I'm not sure if the version described in it was ever available for general usege (which could be my definition of 'complete') - or even usage my Multics system programmers. I don't remember all the details of the differences (it's been way too long since I read it, and I don't know the details of the 'first operational' Multics well enough), but for instance: ISTR that it describes a version which had a linkage segment (holding intermediate locations in outbound links - since segment >a>b>c might well have different segment numbers assigned to it in the address spaces of processes X and Y, so one copy of >a>b>c, shared between X and Y, couldn't contain direct outbound links) _per segment_ (data or code) - but operational Multics (I don't know if this is from 'first available to users', or 'first available to Multics system programmers', or what) collapsed all the linkage info into a 'combined linkage segment', in which the linkage info from all the segments in a process' address space were combined (by copying) into a single linkage segment. Etc, etc, etc. > I understand that Multics got much better after the move to the 6180 I'm not sure that the 6180 made that big a difference to the environment the average use saw. My understanding (not having been there) was that the big _architectural_ difference was that cross-ring inter-segment references were done and monitored in hardware, so a host of security holes caused by insufficient checking of cross-ring inter-segment pointers were caught automatically. (The 6180 was also built out of SSI chips, unlike the 645 which was individual transistors, like a KA10.) Noel

3 years, 2 months

Re: [TUHS] Why does shell write to stderr?

by Paul Ruizendaal

> If you never ring the bell in the editor, the issue never comes up As natural language ambiguity was brought up: it makes the code less noisy :^)

3 years, 2 months

Why does shell write to stderr?

by Richard Salz

Looking at https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/380012/why-does-bash-interactive-s…, in particular the first answer which has a link to http://minnie.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V7/usr/src/cmd/sh/main%E2%80%8… Made me wonder: why?

3 years, 2 months

Long term software archive

by Jon Steinhart

So this is weird. My publisher contacted me this week asking for permission to send a copy of my book to these folks: https://archiveprogram.github.com/ Hadn't heard of them before. Looks like they're filling their archive with stuff from github which means that most of the stuff being preserved by TUHS is likely not there. Might be a good idea to see if it can be included. I have no contact with these folks but can probably get a contact from my publisher if this is something that y'all think is worth doing. Jon

3 years, 2 months

Re: [TUHS] A Reiser tour do force

by Paul Ruizendaal

> A not-very-thorough search at tuhs turned up V9/jerq/src/lib/j/bitblt.c > It appears to be a pre-Reiser bitblt, not what was asked for. The Reiser code is in the V8 jerq tarball that Dan Cross donated: v8jerq.tar.bz2 <https://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Distributions/Research/Dan_Cross_v8/v8jerq.tar…> It is in file blit/src/libj/bitblt.s (attached below for convenience). It is 750 lines of 68K assembler. It does not appear to have been ported to the Bellmac 32 CPU. Maybe it did not make sense in that context. Paul ===== # # bitblt(sm,r,dm,p,fc) # Bitmap *sm,*dm; # Rectangle r; # Point p; # int fc; # # by John F. Reiser summer 1982 # # Depending on the case at hand, generate very good code and execute it. # # offsets in a Point set x,0 set y,2 # offsets in a Rectangle set origin,0 set corner,4 # offsets in a Bitmap set base,0 set width,4 set rect,6 # parameter offsets from %fp set sm,8 set r,12 set dm,20 set p,24 set fc,28 set NREG,11 global bitblt bitblt: movm.l &0x3f3e,-(%sp) # save C registers movm.l NREG*4-4+sm(%sp),&0x001f # d1=r.o.x,,r.o.y; d2=r.c.x,,r.c.y; d4=p.x,,p.y; mov.l %d0,%a4 # sm mov.l %d3,%a5 # dm mov.w NREG*4-4+fc(%sp),%a6 # a6.w == fc movm.l rect(%a4),&0x9 # d0=sm.o.x,,sm.o.y; d3=sm.c.x,,sm.c.y; movm.l rect(%a5),&0x60 # d5=dm.o.x,,dm.o.y; d6=dm.c.x,,dm.c.y; lea.l $L50(%pc),%a0 L5: # clip r.y to sm.y mov.w %d0,%d7 # sm.o.y sub.w %d1,%d7 # - r.o.y ble.b L10 mov.w %d0,%d1 # r.o.y = sm.o.y; /* r.o.y was above sm.rect */ add.w %d7,%d4 # p.y parallels r.o.y L10: cmp.w %d2,%d3 # r.c.y : sm.c.y ble.b L20 mov.w %d3,%d2 # r.c.y = sm.c.y; /* bottom of r was below sm.rect */ L20: # clip (r.y at p.y) to dm.y mov.w %d5,%d7 # dm.o.y sub.w %d4,%d7 # -p.y ble.b L30 mov.w %d5,%d4 # p.y = dm.o.y; /* p.y was above dm.rect */ add.w %d7,%d1 # r.o.y parallels p.y L30: mov.w %d1,%d7 # r.o.y add.w %d6,%d7 # + dm.c.y sub.w %d4,%d7 # - p.y /* == max y that dm.rect allows in r */ cmp.w %d2,%d7 # r.c.y : limit ble.b L40 mov.w %d7,%d2 # r.c.y = limit L40: mov.w %d2,%d7 # r.c.y sub.w %d1,%d7 # - r.o.y sub.w &1,%d7 # /* == h-1 in bits */ blt.b ret jmp (%a0) retgen: lea.l gensiz(%sp),%sp ret8: add.l &8,%sp ret: movm.l (%sp)+,&0x7cfc rts L50: # mirror in pi/4 and reuse same code to clip x swap.w %d0; swap.w %d1; swap.w %d2; swap.w %d3 swap.w %d4; swap.w %d5; swap.w %d6; swap.w %d7 lea.l $L55(%pc),%a0 br.b L5 L55: mov.l %d1,%a1 mov.l %d4,%d6 # # So far # %d7 == h-1,,w-1 # %d6 == p.y,,p.x # %a6.w == fc # %a5 == dm # %a4 == sm # %a1 == r.o.y,,r.o.x # # Compute masks, and width in words # mov.w %d6,%d0 # p.x /* left endpoint of dst */ mov.w %d7,%d1 # w-1 add.w %d6,%d1 # right endpoint mov.l &-1,%d3 mov.l &15,%d2 and.w %d0,%d2 lsr.w %d2,%d3 # mask1 mov.l &-1,%d5 mov.l &15,%d2 and.w %d1,%d2 add.w &1,%d2 lsr.w %d2,%d5 not.w %d5 # mask2 swap.w %d5 mov.w %d3,%d5 # mask2,,mask1 asr.w &4,%d0 asr.w &4,%d1 sub.w %d0,%d1 sub.w &1,%d1 # inner-loop width in words mov.l &0,%d4 # assume LtoR mov.w width(%a5),%d3 add.w %d3,%d3 mov.w width(%a4),%d2 add.w %d2,%d2 # # So far # %d7 == h-1,,w-1 in bits # %d6 == p.y,,p.x # %d5 == mask2,,mask1 # %d4 == 0 (LtoR) # %d3.w == dm width in bytes # %d2.w == sm width in bytes # %d1.w == inner-loop width in words # %a6.w == fc # %a5 == dm # %a4 == sm # %a1 == r.o.y,,r.o.x # # If necessary, compensate for overlap of source and destination # cmp.l %a4,%a5 bne.b L80 # overlap not possible mov.l %d6,%d0 # p.y,,p.x mov.w %a1,%d0 # p.y,,r.o.x cmp.l %a1,%d0 # r.o.y : p.y bge.b L60 # if (r.o.y < p.y) mov.l %d7,%d0 # h-1,,w-1 clr.w %d0 # h-1,,0 add.l %d0,%a1 # r.o.y += h-1; add.l %d0,%d6 # p.y += h-1; neg.w %d3 # wdst = -wdst; neg.w %d2 # wsrc = -wsrc; L60: cmp.w %d7,&16 blt.b L70 # l<->r swap not needed for narrow cmp.w %d6,%a1 # p.x : r.o.x ble.b L70 # if (r.o.x < p.x) mov.l %a1,%d0 add.w %d7,%d0 mov.l %d0,%a1 # r.o.x += w-1; add.w %d7,%d6 # p.x += w-1; mov.l &-1,%d4 # RtoL swap.w %d5 # masks in other order L70: L80: # # Locate actual starting points # mov.l %d6,%d0 # p.y,,p.x swap.w %d0 mov.l %d0,-(%sp) # p mov.l %a5,-(%sp) # dm mov.l &15,%d0 lea.l $L82(%pc),%a0 # assume narrow cmp.w %d7,%d0 # w-1 : 15 ble.b L81 # guessed correctly lea.l $L85(%pc),%a0 # wide L81: mov.l %a0,-(%sp) # on return, go directly to wide/narrow code add.w %a6,%a6; add.w %a6,%a6 # with 4*fc mov.w %d1,%d7 # h-1 in bits,,inner width in words and.l %d0,%d6 # 0,,bit offset of p.x mov.l %a1,%d1 # r.o.y,,r.o.x and.w %d1,%d0 # bit offset of r.o.x sub.w %d0,%d6 # BO(p.x) - BO(r.o.x) /* amount of right rotation */ swap.w %d1 # r.o.x,,r.o.y mov.l %d1,-(%sp) # r.o mov.l %a4,-(%sp) # sm lea.l addr,%a3 jsr (%a3) mov.l %a0,%a2 # src = addr(sm,r.origin); add.l &8,%sp jmp (%a3) # %a0 = addr(dm,p); L82: mov.l &0,%d4 mov.w %d5,%d4 # 0,,mask1 swap.w %d5 # mask1,,mask2 (proper long mask; maybe 16 bits too wide) and.w %d5,%d4 # check for overlap of mask1 and mask2 beq.b L83 # no overlap ==> %d5 already correct mov.l %d4,%d5 # overlap ==> reduce %d5 by 16 bits swap.w %d5 # and put it in the proper half L83: swap.w %d7 # ,,height-1 lea.l $nrwtab(%pc,%a6.w),%a6 # -> optab tst.w %d6 # amount of right rotation bge.b L84 neg.w %d6 add.l &2,%a6 L84: add.w (%a6),%a6 jmp (%a6) nrwtab: short opMnwr-nrwtab- 0, opMnwl-nrwtab- 2 short opSnwr-nrwtab- 4, opSnwl-nrwtab- 6 short opCnwr-nrwtab- 8, opCnwl-nrwtab-10 short opXnwr-nrwtab-12, opXnwl-nrwtab-14 opMnwr: mov.l (%a2),%d0 mov.l (%a0),%d1 ror.l %d6,%d0 eor.l %d1,%d0 and.l %d5,%d0 eor.l %d1,%d0 mov.l %d0,(%a0) add.w %d2,%a2 add.w %d3,%a0 dbr %d7,opMnwr br ret8 opMnwl: mov.l (%a2),%d0 mov.l (%a0),%d1 rol.l %d6,%d0 eor.l %d1,%d0 and.l %d5,%d0 eor.l %d1,%d0 mov.l %d0,(%a0) add.w %d2,%a2 add.w %d3,%a0 dbr %d7,opMnwl br ret8 opSnwr: mov.l (%a2),%d0 ror.l %d6,%d0 and.l %d5,%d0 or.l %d0,(%a0) add.w %d2,%a2 add.w %d3,%a0 dbr %d7,opSnwr br ret8 opSnwl: mov.l (%a2),%d0 rol.l %d6,%d0 and.l %d5,%d0 or.l %d0,(%a0) add.w %d2,%a2 add.w %d3,%a0 dbr %d7,opSnwl br ret8 opCnwr: mov.l (%a2),%d0 ror.l %d6,%d0 and.l %d5,%d0 not.l %d0 and.l %d0,(%a0) add.w %d2,%a2 add.w %d3,%a0 dbr %d7,opCnwr br ret8 opCnwl: mov.l (%a2),%d0 rol.l %d6,%d0 and.l %d5,%d0 not.l %d0 and.l %d0,(%a0) add.w %d2,%a2 add.w %d3,%a0 dbr %d7,opCnwl br ret8 opXnwr: mov.l (%a2),%d0 ror.l %d6,%d0 and.l %d5,%d0 eor.l %d0,(%a0) add.w %d2,%a2 add.w %d3,%a0 dbr %d7,opXnwr br ret8 opXnwl: mov.l (%a2),%d0 rol.l %d6,%d0 and.l %d5,%d0 eor.l %d0,(%a0) add.w %d2,%a2 add.w %d3,%a0 dbr %d7,opXnwl br ret8 set DBR,0x51c8 set MOVLI,0x2000+074 # mov.l &..., set MOVWI,0x3000+074 # mov.w &..., set ADDWI,0x0640 # add.w &..., set FDFRAG,16 # first destination is a fragment set LDFRAG,17 # last destination is a fragment set NSHF1,18 set FD2D,19 # first destination should store 2 words set LD2D,20 # last destination should store 2 words set FSTORE,21 set DST1L,24 # dst inner count is 0 set SRC1L,25 # Nsrc is 2 set gensiz,80 widtab: mov.w %d0,(%a0)+; short 0 or.w %d0,(%a0)+; short 0 and.w %d0,(%a0)+; not.w %d0 eor.w %d0,(%a0)+; short 0 # # So far # %d7 == h-1 (bits),,w (words) # %d6 == 0,,rotate count # %d5 == mask2,,mask1 # %d4 == -RtoL # %d3.w == wdst (bytes) # %d2.w == wsrc (bytes) # %a6.w == 4*fc # %a2 -> src # %a0 -> dst # L85: lea.l $widtab(%pc,%a6.w),%a6 tst.w %d4; bpl.b L300; bset &31,%d6 L300: mov.w %d7,%d0 # inner word count bne.b L304; bset &DST1L,%d6 L304: add.w &1,%d0 # Nsrc = 1+Ninner mov.w %d0,%a1 # + ... add.w &1,%d0 # Ndst = 1+Ninner+1 add.w %d0,%d0 # magnitude of dst addressing side effects tst.l %d6; bpl.b L310 neg.w %d0; add.l &2,%a0 # RtoL L310: sub.w %d0,%d3 # compensate dst for autoincrement mov.w %d5,%d4 # mask1 swap.w %d5 # mask2 cmp.w %d4,&-1; beq.b L320; bset &FDFRAG,%d6 L320: cmp.w %d5,&-1; seq.b %d1; beq.b L330; bset &LDFRAG,%d6 L330: tst.w %d6; bne.b L360 # not NOSHIFT add.w &1,%a1 # Nsrc = 1+Ninner+1 mov.l %d6,%d0; swap.w %d0; ext.w %d0 # 0,,flag bits asr.w &1,%d7; roxl.w &1,%d0 # account for inner words odd mov.b $nstab(%pc,%d0.w),%d0 bpl.b L340; add.w &1,%d7 L340: add.b %d0,%d0 bpl.b L350; sub.w &1,%d7 L350: swap.w %d0; eor.l %d0,%d6 # the bits btst &DST1L,%d6; bne.b L355 btst &FD2D,%d6; beq.b L410 L355: ext.l %d4; bmi.b L410; swap.w %d4; not.w %d4 # NOSHIFT mask1 .l br.b L410 # NOSHIFT mask2 .l nstab: byte 0x82,0x80,0x04,0x80 # 0x80: +1 inner; 0x40: -1 inner byte 0x02,0x00,0x44,0x00 # 0x04: FD2D; 0x02: NSHF1 no first word L360: ext.w %d1; sub.w %d1,%d7 # extend inner loop mov.l &0xf,%d0 # 0 1 7 8 9 e f add.w &8,%d6 # 8 9 f 0 1 6 7 and.w %d0,%d6 sub.w &8,%d6 # 0 1 7 -8 -7 -2 -1 X=C= sign mov.w %d6,%d1; bge.b L367 # X unchanged neg.w %d1 # 8 7 2 1 X=C= 1 L367: roxl.w &1,%d1 # 0 2 e 11 f 5 3 and.w %d0,%d1 # 0 2 e 1 f 5 3 lsl.w &8,%d1 # magic position short ADDWI+001 ror.l &8,%d0 mov.w %d1,%a3 # the rotate instruction mov.l &0,%d1; not.w %d1 # 0,,-1 ror.l %d6,%d1 # where the bits are after a rotate mov.w %d1,%d0; and.w %d4,%d0; beq.b L370 # 1 src word covers dst frag not.w %d1; and.w %d4,%d1; beq.b L370 add.w &1,%a1; br.b L390 # fragment needs another src word L370: sub.w &1,%d7 # .l takes an inner word bset &FD2D,%d6 ext.l %d4; bmi.b L390 swap.w %d4; not.w %d4 # mask1 .l L390: swap.w %d1 mov.w %d1,%d0; and.w %d5,%d0; beq.b L400 # 1 src word covers dst frag not.w %d1; and.w %d5,%d1; beq.b L400 add.w &1,%a1; br.b L420 # fragment needs another src word L400: dbr %d7,L405 # .l takes an inner word clr.w %d7; br.b L420 # nothing there to take L405: L410: bset &LD2D,%d6 ext.l %d5; bmi.b L420 swap.w %d5; not.w %d5 # mask2 .l L420: tst.w NREG*4-4+fc+8(%sp); bne.b L430; bset &FSTORE,%d6 L430: mov.w %a1,%d0 # Nsrc add.w %d0,%d0 # magnitude of src addressing side effects tst.l %d6; bpl.b L431 neg.w %d0; add.l &2,%a2 # RtoL L431: sub.w %d0,%d2 # compensate src for autoincrement lea.l -gensiz(%sp),%sp mov.l %sp,%a5 swap.w %d3 swap.w %d2 cmp.w %a1,&2; bgt L445 short MOVWI+00000 mov.l (%a2)+,%d0 tst.l %d6; bpl.b L432; add.w &010,%d0 # RtoL L432: mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ mov.l &0,%d1; mov.w &-0x1000,%d2; mov.w &0100,%d3 lea.l $L438(%pc),%a1 mov.l &-1,%d0 # prepare bits to decide on "swap" tst.w %d6; bpl.b L432d; neg.w %d6 lsl.l %d6,%d0; br.b L432e L432d: lsr.l %d6,%d0 L432e: btst &DST1L,%d6; beq.b L434 bset &FD2D,%d6; bne.b L432a ext.l %d4; bmi.b L432a; swap.w %d4; not.w %d4 # mask1 .l L432a: bset &LD2D,%d6; bne.b L432b ext.l %d5; bmi.b L432b; swap.w %d5; not.w %d5 # mask2 .l L432b: and.l %d5,%d4; mov.l %d4,%d5 # single .l does it all add.l &1,%d4; beq L730 # all 32 bits sub.l &1,%d4 # need an "and" and.l %d5,%d0 cmp.l %d5,%d0 beq.b L432c short MOVWI+05300 swap.w %d0 L432c: tst.w %d6; bne L690 # and a rotate br.b L437 # NOSHIFT L434: mov.w %a3,(%a5)+ # the rotate instr short MOVWI+05300 mov.l %d0,%d1 # copy after rotate and.l %d4,%d0 cmp.l %d4,%d0 seq.b %d0; neg.b %d0; ext.w %d0 short ADDWI+000 swap.w %d0 mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ lea.l $L436(%pc),%a1 br.b L437 L436: and.w %d4,%d0 mov.w &01001,%d1; clr.w %d2; clr.w %d3 lea.l $L438(%pc),%a1 L437: br L700 L438: and.w %d5,%d0 br L545 L445: # # During compilation # %d7 == h-1,,w # %d6 == flags,,rotate count # %d5 == mask2 # %d4 == mask1 # %d3 == dst_dW,,bits for xxx.[wl] # %d2 == src_dW,,bits for mov.[wl] # %d1.w == parity # %a6 -> optab # %a5 -> next generated instruction # %a4 -> top of inner loop # %a3.w == rotate instruction # %a2 -> src # %a1 -> fragment "and" instruction # %a0 -> dst # tst.w %d6; bne.b L480 # not NOSHIFT ==> always need first word btst &NSHF1,%d6; bne.b L485 # interplay of NOSHIFT, odd, FDFRAG L480: mov.l &1,%d1 and.w %d7,%d1 # parity of inner word count lsl.w &2,%d1 # even ==> frag in %d0, odd ==> frag in %d1 bsr genwid # generate for first word and.w %d4,%d0 L485: cmp.w %d7,&2; ble.b L490 # inner dbr always falls through btst &FSTORE,%d6; beq.b L490 # no conflict "mov field" vs. %d6 short MOVWI+05300 # init inner count mov.w %a4,%d6 L490: mov.l %a5,%a4 # top of inner loop asr.w &1,%d7 # check inner word count blt.b L540 # single .l does it all bcc.b L500 # even beq.b L520 # 1 short MOVWI+05300 br.b L500 # jump into middle of inner loop add.l &1,%a4 # remember to fixup "br.b" add.w &1,%d7 # middle entry ==> no dbr offset L500: beq.b L530 # no inner words at all mov.l &4,%d1 # use %d1 in bsr.b genwid # even half of inner loop short 0 L510: mov.w %a4,%d0; neg.w %d0 bclr &0,%d0; beq.b L520 add.w %a5,%d0; mov.b %d0,(%a4)+ # fixup "br.b" into middle L520: mov.l &0,%d1 # use %d0 in bsr.b genwid # odd half of inner loop short 0 sub.w &1,%d7 # offset for inner dbr loop ble.b L530 # dbr always falls through mov.w &DBR+6,(%a5)+ sub.l %a5,%a4; mov.w %a4,(%a5)+ # dbr displacement L530: btst &LDFRAG,%d6; beq.b L540 # omit "and" for full last word mov.l &4,%d1 bsr.b genwid and.w %d5,%d0 L540: tst.w %d7; ble.b L545 # no inner loop btst &FSTORE,%d6; bne.b L545 # possible conflict "mov field" vs. %d6 short MOVWI+05300 # init inner count mov.w %a4,%d6 L545: swap.w %d3; tst.w %d3; beq.b L546 # wdst is full width of bitmap mov.w %d3,%a1 # dst_dW short MOVWI+05300 add.w %a1,%a0 L546: swap.w %d2; tst.w %d2; beq.b L547 # wsrc is full width of bitmap mov.w %d2,%a3 # src_dW short MOVWI+05300 add.w %a3,%a2 L547: mov.w &DBR+7,(%a5)+ mov.l %sp,%a4 # top of outer loop cmp.b (%a4),&0x60; bne.b L548 # not br.b mov.b 1(%a4),%d0; ext.w %d0; lea.l 2(%a4,%d0.w),%a4 # collapse branches L548: sub.l %a5,%a4; mov.w %a4,(%a5)+ # dbr displacement short MOVWI+05300 jmp (%a5) mov.w %d7,%a4 # init inner count mov.w %d7,%d6 # init inner count, 2nd case swap.w %d7 # h-1 lea.l $retgen(%pc),%a5 jmp (%sp) genwid: mov.l (%sp)+,%a1 # -> inline parameter mov.l $genget(%pc,%d1.w),%d0 tst.w %d1; beq.b L550; mov.w &01001,%d1; swap.w %d1 # parity bits L550: clr.w %d2; clr.w %d3 # .[wl] bits default to .w tst.l %d6; bpl.b L560; add.w &010,%d0 # RtoL L560: tst.w %d6; bne.b L569 # not NOSHIFT bclr &9,%d0 # NOSHIFT always %d0 mov.w (%a1),%d1; bne.b L564 # not inner loop btst &FSTORE,%d6; beq.b L562 # not "mov" mov.l &070,%d1; and.w %d0,%d1 lsl.w &3,%d1; or.w %d1,%d0 # copy RtoL mode add.w &-0x1000,%d0 # .w ==> .l mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ L561: jmp 2(%a1) genget: swap.w %d0; mov.w (%a2)+,%d0 swap.w %d1; mov.w (%a2)+,%d1 L562: mov.w &-0x1000,%d2; mov.w &0100,%d3 # .w +=> .l add.w %d2,%d0 L563: mov.l &0,%d1 # NOSHIFT always %d0 br L698 # assemble the fetch, then do the op L564: lsr.w &1,%d1; bcs.b L562 # NOSHIFT always LD2D btst &FD2D,%d6; bne.b L562 br.b L563 # alas, .w L569: mov.w (%a1),%d1; beq.b L630 # inner loop L570: lsr.w &1,%d1; bcs.b L580 # last word add.w &-0x1000,%d0 # force fetch .l mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ # the fetch .l short MOVLI+00000 mov.l %d0,%d1 swap.w %d0 clr.w %d1; eor.l %d1,%d0 # parity for mov.l %d[01],%d[10] tst.l %d1; sne.b %d1; sub.b %d1,%d0 # parity for swap.w %d[01] mov.l %d0,(%a5) # ran out of registers mov.l &0x4c80ec,%d0 # microcoded bits tst.l %d6; bpl.b L572; ror.l &1,%d0 # RtoL L572: tst.w %d6; bpl.b L574; ror.l &2,%d0 # rol L574: btst &FD2D,%d6; beq.b L576; ror.l &4,%d0 # first op .l mov.w &-0x1000,%d2; mov.w &0100,%d3 # .w +=> .l corrections L576: ror.l &1,%d0; bpl.b L578 # "swap" not needed add.l &2,%a5 ror.l &8,%d0; bpl.b L577 # existing "swap" parity OK eor.w &1,(%a5) L577: ror.l &8,%d0; bpl.b L578 # existing order OK sub.l &2,%a5 mov.l (%a5),%d0; swap.w %d0; mov.l %d0,(%a5) add.l &2,%a5 L578: add.l &2,%a5 swap.w %d1 # junk,,parity br.b L690 L580: btst &LD2D,%d6; beq.b L630 # operator .w mov.w &-0x1000,%d2 # mov.w +=> mov.l mov.w &0100,%d3 # xxx.w +=> xxx.l L630: tst.l %d6; smi.b %d1 eor.b %d6,%d1; bpl.b L650 # rotation in same direction as scan swap.w %d0 # interchange "swap" and "mov" L650: mov.l %d0,(%a5)+ swap.w %d1 # junk,,parity mov.w (%a1),%d0; lsr.w &1,%d0; bcs.b L660 # last word short MOVWI+000 mov.l %d0,%d1 eor.w %d1,%d0 mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ br.b L690 L660: tst.l %d6; bmi.b L690 # RtoL btst &LD2D,%d6; beq.b L690 # not .l tst.w %d6; bpl.b L670 # ror sub.l &2,%a5; br.b L690 # no "swap" L670: mov.w -4(%a5),(%a5)+ # extra "swap" L690: mov.w %a3,%d0 eor.b %d1,%d0 L698: mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ # the rotate instruction L700: mov.w (%a1),%d0; beq.b L730 # inner loop btst &0,%d0; bne.b L705 # last word btst &FDFRAG,%d6; beq.b L730 # no "and" L705: add.w %d3,%d0; add.w %d1,%d0; sub.b %d1,%d0 # and.[wl] %d[45],%d[01] btst &FSTORE,%d6; beq.b L720 # "mov" partial word swap.w %d0 # save the "and" short MOVWI+00000 # ,%d0 mov.w (%a0),%d6 add.w %d2,%d0 # mov.[wl] tst.l %d6; bpl.b L710; add.w &020,%d0 # RtoL; "(%a0)" ==> "-(%a0)" L710: mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ # instr to fetch memory part of word short MOVWI+00000 # ,%d0 eor.w %d6,%d0 add.w %d3,%d0; add.b %d1,%d0 # eor.[wl] %d6,%d[01] swap.w %d0; mov.l %d0,(%a5)+; swap.w %d0; mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ mov.w %d2,%d0; add.b %d1,%d0 # mov.[wl] %d[01], mov.l &-0100,%d1 # RtoL correction, if necessary br.b L770 L720: mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ # "and" for non-mov operators L730: mov.w 2(%a6),%d0; beq.b L740 # not F_CLR add.w %d3,%d0; add.b %d1,%d0 # not.[wl] %d[01] mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ L740: btst &FSTORE,%d6; beq.b L790 # non-"mov" mov.w %d2,%d0; add.b %d1,%d0 # mov.[wl] %d[01], mov.l &0100,%d1 # RtoL correction, if necessary L770: add.w (%a6),%d0 tst.l %d6; bpl.b L780 add.w %d1,%d0 # RtoL correction L780: mov.w %d0,(%a5)+ jmp 2(%a1) L790: mov.w %d1,%d0; clr.b %d0; add.w %d3,%d0 # xxx.[wl] %d[01] mov.l &010,%d1 # RtoL correction, if necessary br.b L770 # # During execution # %d[01] == rotator # %d2 [reserved for texture bits] # %d3 [reserved for texture index] # %d4 == mask1 # %d5 == mask2 # %d6.w == inner count # %d7.w == outer count # %a0 -> dst # %a1 == dst_dW # %a2 -> src # %a3 == src_dW # %a4.w == inner count init # %a5 -> retgen # %a6 [reserved for -> texture] #

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] A Reiser tour de force

by Paul Ruizendaal

>> A not-very-thorough search at tuhs turned up V9/jerq/src/lib/j/bitblt.c >> It appears to be a pre-Reiser bitblt, not what was asked for. > > > The Reiser code is in the V8 jerq tarball that Dan Cross donated: > v8jerq.tar.bz2 <https://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Distributions/Research/Dan_Cross_v8/v8jerq.tar…> > > It is in file blit/src/libj/bitblt.s (attached below for convenience). It is 750 lines of 68K assembler. It does not appear to have been ported to the Bellmac 32 CPU. Maybe it did not make sense in that context. > > Paul There also is a file “bitblt.C” in that same directory (dated May 82, versus Aug 82 for the assembler file) that seems to have a similar approach coded up in C, with a big switch where each case has a lot of “asm()” statements. It is about 400 lines long. No author is mentioned. I have not investigated deeply, but at first glance it is possible that the approach was first coded up as a kind of threaded code in C (with inline asm) and later that Summer redone as fully hand coded assembler. Just a guess. Paul ==== #include <jerq.h> #define LEFTDIR 8 #define NOSHIFT 4 #define DAMMIT 4 /* you'll see why */ #undef sw bitblt(sm,r,dm,p,fc) Bitmap *sm,*dm; Rectangle r; Point p; int fc; { register Word *source,*dest,*_source,*_dest; /* %a2-%a5 */ register UWord m,mask1,mask2; /* %d2,%d3,%d4 */ register int a,b,i; /* %d5,%d6,%d7 */ int j,h,w,dx1,sw,dw; /* clip to the destination Bitmap only */ #define rp dest #define pp source rp = (int *) &(dm->rect); pp = (int *) &p; if ((a = *rp++ - *pp++) > 0) { *(pp-1) += a; r.origin.x += a; } if ((a = *rp++ - *pp) > 0) { *pp += a; r.origin.y += a; } if ((a = r.origin.x + *rp++ - *(pp-1)) < r.corner.x) r.corner.x = a; if ((a = r.origin.y + *rp - *pp) < r.corner.y) r.corner.y = a; i = r.corner.y - r.origin.y; /* going to be h */ a = r.corner.x - r.origin.x - 1; /* going to be dx1 */ if (i <= 0 || a < 0) return; if (a < 16) goto narrow; h = i; dx1 = a; /* i and b are regs, avoid work! */ sw = sm->width << 1; /* sleazy hack to avoid shift */ dw = dm->width << 1; /* in outer, inner loops */ w = ((p.x+dx1) >> 4) - (p.x >> 4) - 1; /* inner loop */ mask1 = ~topbits[p.x & 15]; mask2 = topbits[((p.x+dx1) & 15) + 1]; if (sm == dm) { /* may have to mess with loop order */ if (r.origin.y < p.y) { /* swap top with bottom */ r.origin.y += h-1; p.y += h-1; sw = -sw; dw = -dw; } if (r.origin.x < p.x) { /* swap left with right */ fc |= LEFTDIR; r.origin.x += dx1; p.x += dx1; } } _dest = addr(dm,p); _source = addr(sm,r.origin); a = (p.x&15) - (r.origin.x&15); if (a < 0) a += 16; else /* a == 0 means no shift, remember that */ _source--; /* else grab long and shift right */ b = 16 - a; if (a == 0) fc |= NOSHIFT; source = _source; dest = _dest; switch (fc) { case F_STORE | NOSHIFT: b = w; _source++; source = _source; a = h; /* a is free => use it */ do { *dest++ = (~mask1 & *dest) | (mask1 & *source++); if ((i = b>>2) > 0) do { *((long *)dest)++ = *((long *)source)++; *((long *)dest)++ = *((long *)source)++; } while (--i > 0); if ((i = b&3) > 0) do { *dest++ = *source++; } while (--i > 0); *dest = (~mask2 & *dest) | (mask2 & *source); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--a > 0); break; case F_STORE: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2)+,%d2 # (long) m = *source++"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m right by a"); *dest++ = (~mask1 & *dest) | (mask1 & m); asm(" ror.l %d6,%d2 # rotate m right by b"); if ((i = w) > 0) do { m = *source++; asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest++ = m; asm(" ror.l %d6,%d2 # m >> b"); } while (--i > 0); m = *source; asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest = (~mask2 & *dest) | (mask2 & m); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--h > 0); break; case F_STORE | NOSHIFT | LEFTDIR: b = w; _source++; source = _source; a = h; do { *dest = (~mask2 & *dest) | (mask2 & *source); if ((i = b>>2) > 0) do { *--((long *)dest) = *--((long *)source); *--((long *)dest) = *--((long *)source); } while (--i > 0); if ((i = b&3) > 0) do { *(--dest) = *(--source); } while (--i > 0); dest--; *dest = (~mask1 & *dest) | (mask1 & *(--source)); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--a > 0); break; case F_STORE | LEFTDIR: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # (long) m = *source"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest = (~mask2 & *dest) | (mask2 & m); asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # m << a"); if ((i = w) > 0) do { m = *(--source); asm(" rol.l %d6,%d2 # m << b"); *(--dest) = m; asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # m << a"); } while (--i > 0); m = *(--source); asm(" rol.l %d6,%d2 # m << b"); dest--; *dest = (~mask1 & *dest) | (mask1 & m); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--h > 0); break; case F_OR: case F_OR | NOSHIFT: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2)+,%d2 # (long) m = *source++"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m right by a"); *dest++ |= (mask1 & m); asm(" ror.l %d6,%d2 # rotate m right by b"); if ((i = w) > 0) do { m = *source++; asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest++ |= m; asm(" ror.l %d6,%d2 # m >> b"); } while (--i > 0); m = *source; asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest |= (mask2 & m); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--h > 0); break; case F_OR | LEFTDIR: case F_OR | NOSHIFT | LEFTDIR: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # (long) m = *source"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest |= (mask2 & m); asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # m << a"); if ((i = w) > 0) do { m = *(--source); asm(" rol.l %d6,%d2 # m << b"); *(--dest) |= m; asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # m << a"); } while (--i > 0); m = *(--source); asm(" rol.l %d6,%d2 # m << b"); dest--; *dest |= (mask1 & m); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--h > 0); break; case F_CLR: case F_CLR | NOSHIFT: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2)+,%d2 # (long) m = *source++"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m right by a"); *dest++ &= ~(mask1 & m); asm(" ror.l %d6,%d2 # rotate m right by b"); if ((i = w) > 0) do { m = *source++; asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); asm(" not.w %d2 # m = ~m"); *dest++ &= m; asm(" ror.l %d6,%d2 # m >> b"); } while (--i > 0); m = *source; asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest &= ~(mask2 & m); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--h > 0); break; case F_CLR | LEFTDIR: case F_CLR | NOSHIFT | LEFTDIR: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # (long) m = *source"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest &= ~(mask2 & m); asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # m << a"); if ((i = w) > 0) do { m = *(--source); asm(" rol.l %d6,%d2 # m << b"); asm(" not.w %d2 # m = ~m"); *(--dest) &= m; asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # m << a"); } while (--i > 0); m = *(--source); asm(" rol.l %d6,%d2 # m << b"); dest--; *dest &= ~(mask1 & m); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--h > 0); break; case F_XOR | NOSHIFT: b = w; _source++; source = _source; a = h; do { *dest++ ^= (mask1 & *source++); if ((i = b>>2) > 0) do { *((long *)dest)++ ^= *((long *)source)++; *((long *)dest)++ ^= *((long *)source)++; } while (--i > 0); if ((i = b&3) > 0) do { *dest++ ^= *source++; } while (--i > 0); *dest ^= (mask2 & *source); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--a > 0); break; case F_XOR: default: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2)+,%d2 # (long) m = *source++"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m right by a"); *dest++ ^= (mask1 & m); asm(" ror.l %d6,%d2 # rotate m right by b"); if ((i = w) > 0) do { m = *source++; asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest++ ^= m; asm(" ror.l %d6,%d2 # m >> b"); } while (--i > 0); m = *source; asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest ^= (mask2 & m); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--h > 0); break; case F_XOR | NOSHIFT | LEFTDIR: b = w; _source++; source = _source; a = h; do { *dest ^= (mask2 & *source); if ((i = b>>2) > 0) do { *--((long *)dest) ^= *--((long *)source); *--((long *)dest) ^= *--((long *)source); } while (--i > 0); if ((i = b&3) > 0) do { *(--dest) ^= *(--source); } while (--i > 0); dest--; *dest ^= (mask1 & *(--source)); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--a > 0); break; case F_XOR | LEFTDIR: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # (long) m = *source"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # m >> a"); *dest ^= (mask2 & m); asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # m << a"); if ((i = w) > 0) do { m = *(--source); asm(" rol.l %d6,%d2 # m << b"); *(--dest) ^= m; asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # m << a"); } while (--i > 0); m = *(--source); asm(" rol.l %d6,%d2 # m << b"); dest--; *dest ^= (mask1 & m); (char *) _source += sw; source = _source; (char *) _dest += dw; dest = _dest; } while (--h > 0); break; } return; narrow: /* * width is 16 bits or less, so we can do it by reading and * writing 32 bits at a time */ _source = (Word *) sm; _dest = (Word *) dm; mask1 = ((Bitmap *) _source)->width; /* source increment */ mask1 <<= 1; /* hack to add to an address register */ mask2 = ((Bitmap *) _dest)->width; /* dest increment */ mask2 <<= 1; if (_source == _dest && r.origin.y < p.y) { /* swap top with bottom */ r.origin.y += i-1; p.y += i-1; mask1 = -mask1; mask2 = -mask2; } asm(" mov &0,%d6 # (long) b = 0"); b = topbits[a+1]; a = (16 - (p.x & 15)); /* hocus pocus to get long mask */ asm(" rol.l %d5,%d6 # (long) b <<= a"); a = 16 - a - (r.origin.x & 15); /* shift constant */ if (a < 0) { /* guess what! -1 == 63 to the 68000!!! */ fc |= DAMMIT; /* not fatal, just slow */ } source = addr(_source,r.origin); dest = addr(_dest,p); switch (fc) { case F_STORE: case F_STORE | DAMMIT: asm(" mov.l %d6,%d1 # prepare inverse mask"); asm(" not.l %d1 "); do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # m = *source"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m right by a"); asm(" and.l %d6,%d2 # m &= b"); asm(" mov.l (%a3),%d0 # m |= *dest&~b"); asm(" and.l %d1,%d0 "); asm(" or.l %d0,%d2 "); asm(" mov.l %d2,(%a3) # *dest = m"); (char *) source += (int) mask1; (char *) dest += (int) mask2; } while (--i > 0); break; case F_OR: case F_OR | DAMMIT: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # m = *source"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m right by a"); asm(" and.l %d6,%d2 # m &= b"); asm(" or.l %d2,(%a3) # *dest |= m"); (char *) source += (int) mask1; (char *) dest += (int) mask2; } while (--i > 0); break; case F_CLR: case F_CLR | DAMMIT: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # m = *source"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m right by a"); asm(" and.l %d6,%d2 # m &= b"); asm(" not.l %d2 # m = ^m"); asm(" and.l %d2,(%a3) # *dest &= m"); (char *) source += (int) mask1; (char *) dest += (int) mask2; } while (--i > 0); break; case F_XOR: do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # m = *source"); asm(" ror.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m right by a"); asm(" and.l %d6,%d2 # m &= b"); asm(" eor.l %d2,(%a3) # *dest ^= m"); (char *) source += (int) mask1; (char *) dest += (int) mask2; } while (--i > 0); break; case F_XOR | DAMMIT: a = -a; do { asm(" mov.l (%a2),%d2 # m = *source"); asm(" rol.l %d5,%d2 # rotate m left by a"); asm(" and.l %d6,%d2 # m &= b"); asm(" eor.l %d2,(%a3) # *dest ^= m"); (char *) source += (int) mask1; (char *) dest += (int) mask2; } while (--i > 0); break; } return; }

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] A Reiser tour do force

by Douglas McIlroy

> Does {Reiser's bitblt replacement] exist for the rest of us to study? A not-very-thorough search at tuhs turned up V9/jerq/src/lib/j/bitblt.c It appears to be a pre-Reiser bitblt, not what was asked for. But weighing in at over 800 lines of C, it vivifies the challenge that Reiser met in half the space. Doug

3 years, 3 months

LSI-11

by Jon Steinhart

Someone on another list is getting rid of one of these. Lemme know if you want it and I'll put you in touch.

3 years, 3 months

A Reiser tour de force

by Douglas McIlroy

The recent discussion about Research choosing BSD's paging over Reiser-London's brought to mind a stunning program by Reiser that Research did adopt. A critical primitive in the Blit terminal was bitblt (block transfer of a rectangular area). It was used ubiquitously, for example to refresh data when window-stacking changed, to move data within a window, or to pop up a menu.. The display memory was word-oriented, so bitblt was fraught with niggling details about bit alignment and overlap of source and destination. A general bitblt subroutine was a rats' nest of conditionals--grossly inefficient for important special cases like scrolling. Bitblt got refined (i.e. elaborated) several times before Reiser did away with it entirely. Instead he wrote a just-in-time generator of optimal code. Thousands of distinct variants, which varied in size from 16 to 72 bytes, could be produced by the same 400 lines of assembler code. Doug

3 years, 3 months

Alive?

by Warren Toomey

Just checking that the TUHS list hasn't gone belly up, as it's been pretty quiet for a week :-) Cheers, Warren

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] Old screen editors

by jnc＠mercury.lcs.mit.edu

> From: Clem Cole > Ward had a nice history here: TecoEditor > <http://c2.com/wiki/remodel/?TecoEditor> - worth reading Yeah, pretty good. A couple of minor points: "TECO Madness -- a moment of convenience, a lifetime of regret" - I have seen this attributed to Dave Moon. "the [ITS] version of TECO was used by Richard Stallman to implement the original Emacs Editor" - accurate if read _just_ the right way, but incorrect in the 'naive' reading. Stallman didn't _originate_ the body of stuff that eventually turned into ITS EMACS, although he did take over maintenance of it once it was rolling; and later wrote Gnu Emacs from scratch himself. The mostly accurate one-line history is the one given in Dan Weinreb's blog "the original (TECO-based) Emacs was created and designed by Guy L. Steele Jr. and David Moon. After they had it working, and it had become established as the standard text editor at the AI lab, Stallman took over its maintenance", to which Moon added "in all fairness I have to say that Stallman greatly improved Emacs after he 'liberated' it from Guy and me". More people were involved than Moon, Steele and Stallman, though; a lot of people were writing stuff before Stallman took over; and even after that, others (like Eugene Ciccarelli, a member of the CSR group) helped a lot with ITS EMACS. Stallman's EMACS paper ("sEMACS: The Extensible, Customizable, Self-Documenting Display Editor") contains _many_ statements that are _demonstrably_ wrong, e.g. "it is simply impossible to implement an extensible system in [languages like PASCAL or C]" ... "This eliminates most popular programming languages except LISP, APL and SNOBOL." Given that I've been using a heavily customized Epsilon for decades, which is written completely in EEL (a dialect of C enhanced with editing primitives like buffers, etc), that's clerly very confused. Noel

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] Old screen editors

by jnc＠mercury.lcs.mit.edu

> From: George Michaelson > Teco was painful. Some of us can recall when the _only_ choices for editing on UNIX (on the PWB1 systems at MIT) were 'ed' and TECO! But to add some real history (not just the usual low S/N flaming about people's opinions of various relatively recent software, which is way too common on this list), the guys at MIT in DSSR/RTS (the group which later did the 68K version of PCC), who had done the port of PDP-11 TECO (in MACRO-11) from the Delphi system at MIT (which preceded adoption of UNIX there) - a comment in one source file alludes to Delphi, so that's where it came from, to UNIX (I think this TECO was written there, and was not a port of a DEC one, since it's all in lower case, and doesn't have other DEC stylisms), after the port, added a '^R mode' similar to the one added to the PDP-10 ITS TECO and used there to write EMACS (in TECO's usual 'line noise' code - historical aside: at one point there was a whole 'Ivory' package for ITS TECO which could 'purify' ITS TECO code so that one copy in core [actual, real core!] could be shared by multiple processes). That was used to write an EMACS-like package for the PDP-11 UNIX TECO (but much simpler than real EMACS), which we used for quite a while before Montgomery EMACS for UNIX showed up. The full dump of the MIT-CSR PWB1 UNIX system which I retrieved has all the sources and documentation for that TECO, and the ^R-mode code, etc. If anyone is interested in seeing it (or maybe even playing with it, which will need the UNIX MACRO-11), let me know, and I'll upload it. Noel PS: Speaking of the full dump of the MIT-CSR PWB1 UNIX system, I was poking around it a couple of days ago, and I found V6 'multiplexor' kernel drivers - mpio.c and mpx.c, etc - I think thay 'fell off the back of a truck' at Bell, like a lot of other stuff we weren't supposed to have, like the circuit design tools, etc. I'm not sure if I have the user programs to go with them; I think I may have found some of them for Paul Ruizendaal a while back, but the memory has faded. Again, if interested, let me know.

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] Old screen editors

by Steve Simon

I never really used it but i do remember an editor called le on the v7 interdata/Perkin Elmer i used at Leeds poly. I read electronics and we all used vi, the computer science people at a different campus used le on their Interdata; no idea why. anyone any background on le? ihave not seen sight nor sound of it since. -Steve

3 years, 3 months

NetBSD VMs from 1.0 to present

by Chris Pinnock

Evening all, Seeing as our leader is worried about aliveness, I felt it fitting to send a link to a part-time project I’m working on. A couple of weeks ago, I fired up Virtualbox and installed NetBSD/i386 1.0 from floppy images. Virtualbox can be persuaded to read 1.2MB floppies - I’ve had less luck on Qemu with this. But after I setup the VM, I quickly converted it to one that Qemu could use. Then I loaded all the source floppies for 1.1 and 1.2 onto the VM, then upgraded the VM to 1.1 then 1.2 by compiling from source. By which time the pcnet network interface worked reliably. NetBSD still provides a pserver CVS method, so I was able then to CVS update, upgrade to 1.3.3 onwards. 1.4.3 -> 1.5.4 involves a change of binary format from a.out -> ELF. From 1.6 onwards, life becaomes simpler because of the build.sh system, but I spent the time to go all the way up to 9.2 via sources between each release. (I managed to build 9.2 from 6.1 as well.) The VMs can be found on this landing page: https://chrispinnock.com/stuff/netbsd/ I’m working on a write-up which I will publish at some point and I’m also working on OpenBSD branching off at NetBSD 1.1 - I’ve build a OpenBSD 2.0 VM from the NetBSD 1.1 VM on the page above. amnesiac# ls -l /ne* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19089180 Mar 26 02:47 /netbsd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 659600 Mar 13 22:09 /netbsd.10 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1332275 Mar 13 22:09 /netbsd.11 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1477949 Mar 13 16:13 /netbsd.12 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1530049 Mar 13 17:47 /netbsd.121 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 2211878 Mar 14 02:23 /netbsd.133 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 3407541 Mar 14 05:12 /netbsd.143 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 4941157 Mar 14 05:50 /netbsd.154.aout -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 5048054 Mar 14 09:20 /netbsd.154.elf -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 6182687 Mar 14 11:53 /netbsd.162 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7447216 Mar 14 14:35 /netbsd.203 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7476202 Mar 15 01:12 /netbsd.21 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 8577892 Mar 15 11:50 /netbsd.31 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 10343742 Mar 15 23:47 /netbsd.4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 12002769 Mar 16 05:31 /netbsd.52 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 13116694 Mar 16 14:53 /netbsd.61 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 17143555 Mar 17 04:50 /netbsd.72 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19695304 Mar 20 09:12 /netbsd.82 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19089180 Mar 28 10:46 /netbsd.92 All the best Chris

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] Old screen editors

by jnc＠mercury.lcs.mit.edu

> From: Angelo Papenhoff > By 'upload it' do you mean the full dump or TECO only? At this point in time, not the full dump (below for why). I have previously uploaded lots of other bits, e.g. (looks quickly): the TCP/IP that was written for it (with the TCP in the 'user process', making for a small system, good for -11/23's and -11/40's); Montgomery EMACS; TECO (already done - along with the MACRO-11, but I still need to do the linker, and the BCPL compiler one needs for the linker). > That system sounds very interesting and I'd love to see the whole thing. Unfortunately, the dump includes _everything_ on the system, including personal email, etc, etc. So I have to curate it anything I upload. I suppose I should put together an 'index page', which lists (and links to) everything that has been uploaded? Noel

3 years, 3 months

Re.: Alive?

by Paul Ruizendaal

> Just checking that the TUHS list hasn't gone belly up, as it's been pretty > quiet for a week :-) > > Cheers, Warren Not relevant to a sudden dip, but overall my observation is that retro computing interest tends to focus on a period 30-40 years ago. For example, in the late 80’s people were going retro on the LGP-30, the story of Mel, etc. Probably this matches with people retracing their formative years in the industry when they retire. If correct, we should see a rise in interest around early Linux in the upcoming years, with interest in 80’s Unix and early networking declining. We’re probably already past peak for interest in 1970’s Unix. The historical log of this mailing list is important. Documenting historical events will get much harder after the "40 year window" has closed. Paul

3 years, 3 months

Paging code in SysV R2

by Paul Ruizendaal

I did not have a lot of time to work on documenting the evolution of paging / virtual memory code in 32V, Sys III and early SysV in the past months, but I did get some more background information that seems worth sharing. My understanding of the virtual memory story at USG is now as follows: Somewhere in 1981/82 a project plan for Unix 5 / System V was made and evolving John Reiser’s virtual memory code for 32V-r3 was part of that plan. “Evolving” in this context meant making it more maintainable and more hardware independent. John’s code assumed a memory page, a disk block and a file block all to be the same size, and it needed to be more general. It was also designed around the VAX MMU and this too needed to be generalised. The person assigned to that job was Bob (Robert) Baron, reporting to Tom Raleigh. The project involved quite a bit of re-architecting and progress was slowish. On top of that Bob left for CMU to work on Mach. Tom Raleigh tried to pick up where Bob had left off, but progress remained slowish. In parallel, Keith Kelleman and Steve Burroff were working on Unix for the 3B20 Unix. They did paging code from scratch around the 3B20 MMU (which used a more or less ‘modern’ page table design) and developed their idea for the “regions” abstraction to support large, non-contiguous address spaces. It seems that they built on the main working set ideas/concepts in the Reiser/Baron/Raleigh code base, combined these with their “regions” idea, made it multi-processor capable and made it all work on the 3B20. Around that time Tom Raleigh seems to have transferred to Bellcore, and the VAX code base got orphaned. Two young engineers appear to have picked up the work on the VAX code base: Dean Jagels and Jim McCormick. My understanding is that they essentially back ported the 3B20 work to the VAX, falling back on the Reiser/Baron/Raleigh work where necessary. They got it working, and as far as I can tell, this is what got released in 1984 as part of SysV R2.4 for the VAX (the oldest surviving source code for this that I could find). This somewhat tortuous birth may in part explain why Research chose to use the 4BSD virtual memory code for 8th edition.

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] Alive?

by jnc＠mercury.lcs.mit.edu

> From: Bakul Shah > My impression is that there is much less traffic on pretty much all the > mailing lists I am on and I am wondering why. Ukraine? That's certainly been absorbing a lot of my attention (but it seems like it's going to go on for quite a while now). Noel

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] Alive?

by jnc＠mercury.lcs.mit.edu

> From: Warren Toomey > Just checking that the TUHS list hasn't gone belly up, as it's been > pretty quiet for a week :-) Thank goodness! That's one way to improve the S/N ratio. Noel

3 years, 3 months

Re: [TUHS] [tuhs] PDP-11 and early Unix

by jnc＠mercury.lcs.mit.edu

Oops: > Instructions had a 4-bit opcode ('000'-'054') '060' was JMP. > ('060'opcodes were for the optional EAE.) '064'. Noel

3 years, 3 months

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