That RK05 image boots on an 11/34A just fine. (I own one. Trust me. It
just works. No fiddling required).
Perhaps you have a plain 11/34, and perhaps there is some difference that
matters.
But they should both have MMU, but perhaps the MMU in the 34A is different
than a 34 in some odd way.
Do you have floating point? Maybe that's the problem.
You could always try mini-unix... 8-) That should run (it ran on an 11/20).
Jay
Date: Wed, 31 Jan 2001 09:13:30 +1100 (EST)
From: Warren Toomey <pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
In article by Carl Lowenstein:
> Just from the historical point of view, note that the first major
> file on a genuine 6th Edition distribution tape _is_ a bootable
> RK05 image. Something like 4000 blocks.
>
> carl
Yes, but it doesn't boot on an 11/34 :(
That's the problem.
Cheers,
Warren
- ---
---
Jay R. Jaeger The Computer Collection
cube1(a)home.com visit http://members.home.net/thecomputercollection
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Subject: [pups] Hardware config for 2.11BSD Installation on PDP-11/73
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Greetings,
I have a PDP-11/73 on which I have installed 2.11 BSD from the PUPS
archives. I have a few hardware configurations questions that I hope
someone might be able to help me with.
The memory board that I have was made by Clearpoint Inc. The board
has the markings Q-RAM 44B REV. B and GSB-2. Unfortunately, I have
no documentation for the board. The board originally had 1 MB
installed, and I added another 1 MB of chips. The extra chips were
not recognized though. Does anyone have information on the jumper
settings for this board?
I have two MSCP controllers installed. One is a CMD CQD-220/M SCSI
controller with one drive attached, CSR is the first MSCP controller,
and unit is set to 0. The second is an RQDX3 with an RX50 attached.
It is set with CSR at the second MSCP controller address. The
jumpers are set for unit 1. The result is that I have a SCSI drive
at DU0 and the RX50's at DU4 and DU5 during boot.
DU0 is ra0 and DU4 is ra12 in 2.11 BSD. If I change the jumpers on
RQDX3 to unit 2, I boot at DU8, the first RX50, but I can no longer
access the floppies from 2.11 BSD. Looking at the sources, it seems
that the drive number is limited to 0-7, but the controller seems to
want unit number 8. What am I missing? This seems to occur both in
the kernel and in the standalone installation system.
Chuck Dickman
chd(a)nktelco.net
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>From "Steven M. Schultz" <sms(a)moe.2bsd.com> Mon Feb 5 09:45:33 2001
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Date: Sun, 4 Feb 2001 15:45:33 -0800 (PST)
From: "Steven M. Schultz" <sms(a)moe.2bsd.com>
Message-Id: <200102042345.f14NjXN00172(a)moe.2bsd.com>
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: Re: [pups] Hardware config for 2.11BSD Installation on PDP-11/73
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Hi -
> From: "Chuck Dickman" <chd(a)nktelco.net>
> The memory board that I have was made by Clearpoint Inc. The board
'fraid I can't be of help with the memory board - that's not
my area of expertise.
> I have two MSCP controllers installed. One is a CMD CQD-220/M SCSI
Ah, but I can help with getting the dual MSCP controller
question.
My 11/73 is similar - it has an Emulex UC08 and the original
RQDX3 (with an RD54 and a RX03).
> DU0 is ra0 and DU4 is ra12 in 2.11 BSD. If I change the jumpers on
> RQDX3 to unit 2, I boot at DU8, the first RX50, but I can no longer
> access the floppies from 2.11 BSD. Looking at the sources, it seems
> that the drive number is limited to 0-7, but the controller seems to
> want unit number 8. What am I missing? This seems to occur both in
> the kernel and in the standalone installation system.
Ignore anything you might know about DU numbers ;)
2.11 numbers the drives 0 thru 7 on _each_ controller. Thus
'ra0' thru 'ra7' are on the first controller, 'ra8' thru 'ra15'
on the second controller and so on. There is a maximum of 4
controllers supported (two bits in the minor device number).
The standalone I/O system uses device names of the form:
dev(ctlr, unit, part)
where 'ctlr' is the controller number (0 thru 3), the 'unit' number
is 0 thru 7 and the 'part' is the partition number (0 thru 7). So,
to access the first drive on the second controller from a standalone
program the name would be:
ra(1,0,0)
you probably will be prompted for the CSR since 'boot' and friends
only know about the first controller's address.
Once the kernel is loaded you access drives on the 2nd controller
with device names such as /dev/ra8a, /dev/ra9a, and so on.
The "sparse" numbering was chosen (eons and eons ago) to make the
MSCP disks look more like the traditional disc controllers which
allowed for 8 drives per controller.
In my /etc/dtab file I have:
ra ? 172154 154 5 raintr # uda50, rqdx1/2/3
ra ? 172150 0 5 raintr # 2nd uda50/uc08
From the console ODT prompt (I've an older MXV11 boot set up) I
use "172150 du 0" to boot from the SCSI disk attached to the UC08.
When the system is up the RD54 (which is unit 0 on the other MSCP
controller) is accessed as 'ra8' (and the RX03 which is unit 1
accessed as 'ra9').
It's pretty simple and regular once one knows what is going on ;)
Steven Schultz
sms(a)to.gd-es.com
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Date: Sun, 04 Feb 2001 20:49:50 -0500
From: "Chuck Dickman" <chd(a)nktelco.net>
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Subject: Re: [pups] Hardware config for 2.11BSD Installation on PDP-11/73]
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"Steven M. Schultz" wrote:
>
> Hi -
>
<snip>
What you described here makes sense and was my first impression of
what should happen, but my experience is different.
>
> In my /etc/dtab file I have:
>
> ra ? 172154 154 5 raintr # uda50, rqdx1/2/3
> ra ? 172150 0 5 raintr # 2nd uda50/uc08
My /etc/dtab is:
ra ? 172150 154 5 raintr # uda50, rqdx1/2/3
ra ? 160334 160 5 raintr # secondary mscp
The CQD220 is at 172150 and the RXDX3 is at 160334. Is 172154 a valid
MSCP address? It must be, cause it works for you. The docs I have
show 160334.
On booting the 11/73 and starting 2.11 BSD the following occurs:
DU8 and DU9 at boot are the RX50 drives on the second controller. The
floppy in DU8 contains the installation standalone utilities that were
part of the installation tape, including icheck.
------------
Testing in progress - Please wait
Memory Size is 1024 K Bytes
9 Step memory test
Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Message 04 Entering Dialog mode
Commands are Help, Boot, List, Setup, Map and Test.
Type a command then press the RETURN key: B DU8
Trying DU8
Starting system from DU8
.83Boot from ra(1,0,0) at 0160334
.: ra(1,0,0)/icheck
.ra(1,0,0) err op=89 sts=3
.ra(1,0,0) !online
.: ra(0,0,0)/unix
.Boot: bootdev=02400 bootcsr=0172150
.
2.11 BSD UNIX #10: Fri Nov 24 16:52:18 PST 2000
root@mars.chd-net:/usr/src/sys/MARS
ra0: Ver 6 mod 13
ra0: RA82 size=1295849
attaching qe0 csr 174440
qe0: DEC DELQA addr 08:00:2b:0e:24:7c
attaching lo0
phys mem = 1048576
avail mem = 725696
user mem = 307200
February 1 23:38:41 init: configure system
hk ? csr 177440 vector 210 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ht ? csr 172440 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ra 0 csr 172150 vector 154 vectorset attached
ra 1 csr 160334 vector 160 vectorset attached
rl ? csr 174400 vector 160 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
tm ? csr 172520 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ts 0 csr 172520 vector 224 attached
xp ? csr 176700 vector 254 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
erase, kill ^U, intr ^C
#
# mount /dev/ra8a /mnt/rx0
ra1: Ver 4 mod 3
ra8 st=3 sb=0 fl=0 en=9
/dev/ra8a on /mnt/rx0: Input/output error
: not found
: not found
# mount /dev/ra9a /mnt/rx0
ra9 st=3 sb=0 fl=0 en=9
/dev/ra9a on /mnt/rx0: Input/output error
#
>
> It's pretty simple and regular once one knows what is going on ;)
>
I agree that it is pretty simple as you describe it and it is what I
expected,
but it does not seem to be as I see it here. Could the problem be that I
am
booting from the second controller? Should all the controllers be
jumpered for
unit 0? Now that I think about it, it may be the boot firmware that is
uncooperative. If I set the RQDX3 for unit 0, I cannot boot from the
second
controller's first disk, but I can from the second. So, I should set all
the
controller unit numbers to 0. The restriction is that the boot device
must
be visible to the firmware. Make sense?
...
OK, I moved the RQDX3 to unit 0, and the boot floppy to the second
drive.
The boot is then:
--------------
Testing in progress - Please wait
Memory Size is 1024 K Bytes
9 Step memory test
Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Message 04 Entering Dialog mode
Commands are Help, Boot, List, Setup, Map and Test.
Type a command then press the RETURN key: B DU1
Trying DU1
Starting system from DU1
.83Boot from ra(1,1,0) at 0160334
.: ra(0,0,0)/unix
.Boot: bootdev=02400 bootcsr=0172150
.
2.11 BSD UNIX #10: Fri Nov 24 16:52:18 PST 2000
root@mars.chd-net:/usr/src/sys/MARS
ra0: Ver 6 mod 13
ra0: RA82 size=1295849
attaching qe0 csr 174440
qe0: DEC DELQA addr 08:00:2b:0e:24:7c
attaching lo0
phys mem = 1048576
avail mem = 725696
user mem = 307200
February 1 23:38:41 init: configure system
hk ? csr 177440 vector 210 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ht ? csr 172440 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ra 0 csr 172150 vector 154 vectorset attached
ra 1 csr 160334 vector 160 vectorset attached
rl ? csr 174400 vector 160 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
tm ? csr 172520 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ts 0 csr 172520 vector 224 attached
xp ? csr 176700 vector 254 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
erase, kill ^U, intr ^C
# mount /dev/ra9a /mnt/rx0
ra1: Ver 4 mod 3
ra9: RX50 size=800
# ls /mnt/rx0
boot icheck restor unix
disklabel mkfs rx50toroot
#
> Steven Schultz
> sms(a)to.gd-es.com
Thanks for helping me work through this. It looks like the boot device
must be
within the first 8 devices that the firmware can see, but 2.11 BSD wants
all
the unit number jumpers set to 0.
Chuck Dickman
chd(a)nktelco.net
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To: "Steven M. Schultz" <sms(a)moe.2bsd.com>
Subject: Re: [pups] Hardware config for 2.11BSD Installation on PDP-11/73
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"Steven M. Schultz" wrote:
>
> Hi -
>
<snip>
What you described here makes sense and was my first impression of
what should happen, but my experience is different.
>
> In my /etc/dtab file I have:
>
> ra ? 172154 154 5 raintr # uda50, rqdx1/2/3
> ra ? 172150 0 5 raintr # 2nd uda50/uc08
My /etc/dtab is:
ra ? 172150 154 5 raintr # uda50, rqdx1/2/3
ra ? 160334 160 5 raintr # secondary mscp
The CQD220 is at 172150 and the RXDX3 is at 160334. Is 172154 a valid
MSCP address? It must be, cause it works for you. The docs I have
show 160334.
On booting the 11/73 and starting 2.11 BSD the following occurs:
DU8 and DU9 at boot are the RX50 drives on the second controller. The
floppy in DU8 contains the installation standalone utilities that were
part of the installation tape, including icheck.
------------
Testing in progress - Please wait
Memory Size is 1024 K Bytes
9 Step memory test
Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Message 04 Entering Dialog mode
Commands are Help, Boot, List, Setup, Map and Test.
Type a command then press the RETURN key: B DU8
Trying DU8
Starting system from DU8
.83Boot from ra(1,0,0) at 0160334
.: ra(1,0,0)/icheck
.ra(1,0,0) err op=89 sts=3
.ra(1,0,0) !online
.: ra(0,0,0)/unix
.Boot: bootdev=02400 bootcsr=0172150
.
2.11 BSD UNIX #10: Fri Nov 24 16:52:18 PST 2000
root@mars.chd-net:/usr/src/sys/MARS
ra0: Ver 6 mod 13
ra0: RA82 size=1295849
attaching qe0 csr 174440
qe0: DEC DELQA addr 08:00:2b:0e:24:7c
attaching lo0
phys mem = 1048576
avail mem = 725696
user mem = 307200
February 1 23:38:41 init: configure system
hk ? csr 177440 vector 210 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ht ? csr 172440 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ra 0 csr 172150 vector 154 vectorset attached
ra 1 csr 160334 vector 160 vectorset attached
rl ? csr 174400 vector 160 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
tm ? csr 172520 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ts 0 csr 172520 vector 224 attached
xp ? csr 176700 vector 254 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
erase, kill ^U, intr ^C
#
# mount /dev/ra8a /mnt/rx0
ra1: Ver 4 mod 3
ra8 st=3 sb=0 fl=0 en=9
/dev/ra8a on /mnt/rx0: Input/output error
: not found
: not found
# mount /dev/ra9a /mnt/rx0
ra9 st=3 sb=0 fl=0 en=9
/dev/ra9a on /mnt/rx0: Input/output error
#
>
> It's pretty simple and regular once one knows what is going on ;)
>
I agree that it is pretty simple as you describe it and it is what I
expected,
but it does not seem to be as I see it here. Could the problem be that I
am
booting from the second controller? Should all the controllers be
jumpered for
unit 0? Now that I think about it, it may be the boot firmware that is
uncooperative. If I set the RQDX3 for unit 0, I cannot boot from the
second
controller's first disk, but I can from the second. So, I should set all
the
controller unit numbers to 0. The restriction is that the boot device
must
be visible to the firmware. Make sense?
...
OK, I moved the RQDX3 to unit 0, and the boot floppy to the second
drive.
The boot is then:
--------------
Testing in progress - Please wait
Memory Size is 1024 K Bytes
9 Step memory test
Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Message 04 Entering Dialog mode
Commands are Help, Boot, List, Setup, Map and Test.
Type a command then press the RETURN key: B DU1
Trying DU1
Starting system from DU1
.83Boot from ra(1,1,0) at 0160334
.: ra(0,0,0)/unix
.Boot: bootdev=02400 bootcsr=0172150
.
2.11 BSD UNIX #10: Fri Nov 24 16:52:18 PST 2000
root@mars.chd-net:/usr/src/sys/MARS
ra0: Ver 6 mod 13
ra0: RA82 size=1295849
attaching qe0 csr 174440
qe0: DEC DELQA addr 08:00:2b:0e:24:7c
attaching lo0
phys mem = 1048576
avail mem = 725696
user mem = 307200
February 1 23:38:41 init: configure system
hk ? csr 177440 vector 210 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ht ? csr 172440 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ra 0 csr 172150 vector 154 vectorset attached
ra 1 csr 160334 vector 160 vectorset attached
rl ? csr 174400 vector 160 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
tm ? csr 172520 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
ts 0 csr 172520 vector 224 attached
xp ? csr 176700 vector 254 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
erase, kill ^U, intr ^C
# mount /dev/ra9a /mnt/rx0
ra1: Ver 4 mod 3
ra9: RX50 size=800
# ls /mnt/rx0
boot icheck restor unix
disklabel mkfs rx50toroot
#
> Steven Schultz
> sms(a)to.gd-es.com
Thanks for helping me work through this. It looks like the boot device
must be
within the first 8 devices that the firmware can see, but 2.11 BSD wants
all
the unit number jumpers set to 0.
Chuck Dickman
chd(a)nktelco.net
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>From Chuck Dickman <chd(a)nktelco.net> Mon Feb 5 11:43:06 2001
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From: "Steven M. Schultz" <sms(a)moe.2bsd.com>
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To: chd(a)nktelco.net, sms(a)moe.2bsd.com
Subject: Re: [pups] Hardware config for 2.11BSD Installation on PDP-11/73
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Hi -
> From: "Chuck Dickman" <chd(a)nktelco.net>
> What you described here makes sense and was my first impression of
> what should happen, but my experience is different.
I'm wondering if the console/boot firmware might not be the
cause of some of the confusion.
> My /etc/dtab is:
>
> ra ? 172150 154 5 raintr # uda50, rqdx1/2/3
> ra ? 160334 160 5 raintr # secondary mscp
Looks good. With 2.11 you can, if you want, leave the interrupt
vector as 0, the kernel will allocate an available vector and
tell the MSCP controller what vector to use.
> The CQD220 is at 172150 and the RXDX3 is at 160334. Is 172154 a valid
> MSCP address? It must be, cause it works for you. The docs I have
> show 160334.
As long as it doesn't conflict with anything else on the system it's
valid ;-) The system came with the RQDX3 and I worked with the RD54
for a while before adding the UC08 - when I added the UC08 I just picked
the next free CSR which happened to be 172154.
> DU8 and DU9 at boot are the RX50 drives on the second controller. The
> floppy in DU8 contains the installation standalone utilities that were
> part of the installation tape, including icheck.
>
> ------------
> .83Boot from ra(1,0,0) at 0160334
> .: ra(1,0,0)/icheck
It probably doesn't hurt anything but I would leave off the '/'
> .ra(1,0,0) err op=89 sts=3
> .ra(1,0,0) !online
op=89 is the "ONLINE" command and a status of 3 means the unit didn't
go 'online'. That is very strange since 'boot' was obviously loaded
from the drive/controller.
What I am wondering now is: does the boot monitor pass 0 or 8 thru
as the unit number? If it's expecting 8 or 9 then that might be
the problem because boot and the 2.11 kernel only deal with 0 thru 7
> .: ra(0,0,0)/unix
> .Boot: bootdev=02400 bootcsr=0172150
> .
> hk ? csr 177440 vector 210 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
> ht ? csr 172440 vector 224 skipped: No autoconfig routines.
> ra 0 csr 172150 vector 154 vectorset attached
> ra 1 csr 160334 vector 160 vectorset attached
Ok, that looks encouraging.
> # mount /dev/ra8a /mnt/rx0
> ra1: Ver 4 mod 3
> ra8 st=3 sb=0 fl=0 en=9
> /dev/ra8a on /mnt/rx0: Input/output error
> : not found
> : not found
> # mount /dev/ra9a /mnt/rx0
> ra9 st=3 sb=0 fl=0 en=9
> /dev/ra9a on /mnt/rx0: Input/output error
Same as before - the "online" command is failing for reason(s)
unknown as yet.
> I agree that it is pretty simple as you describe it and it is what I expected,
> but it does not seem to be as I see it here. Could the problem be that I am
> booting from the second controller? Should all the controllers be jumpered
I boot from the second controller all the time. If I weren't so
lazy (and the BA23 so narrow and hard to work in ;)) I'd have swapped
the UC08 and RQDX3 around a long time ago. As it is now I have to
hit ^C during the POST and at the BOOT> prompt I enter "172154 DU 0"
to boot from the second controller.
> for unit 0? Now that I think about it, it may be the boot firmware that is
Yes, if given a choice (and I don't know how this is done) all the
controllers need to start from 0. If the "base unit" of a controller
is 8 then I think the problem is that the controller is expecting
values such as 8, 9, etc in the 'mscp_unit' part of the MSCP packet.
That would explain the failure to "online unit 0" - the controller
is expecting to be told "online unit 8".
> controller's first disk, but I can from the second. So, I should set all the
> controller unit numbers to 0. The restriction is that the boot device
> must be visible to the firmware. Make sense?
Yes. I think the 'restriction' in this case is 2.11 - it doesn't
know how to deal with units other than 0 thru 7.
> Thanks for helping me work through this. It looks like the boot device
> must be within the first 8 devices that the firmware can see, but 2.11 BSD
> wants all the unit number jumpers set to 0.
Quite welcome! The boot monitor can load anything, but once 'boot'
(or the kernel) is loaded they do not know how to deal with unit=8.
Steven Schultz
sms(a)moe.2bsd.com
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>From "Chuck Dickman" <chd(a)nktelco.net> Mon Feb 5 13:20:27 2001
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From: "Chuck Dickman" <chd(a)nktelco.net>
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To: "Steven M. Schultz" <sms(a)moe.2bsd.com>
CC: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: Re: [pups] Hardware config for 2.11BSD Installation on PDP-11/73
References: <200102050235.f152Zs901247(a)moe.2bsd.com>
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"Steven M. Schultz" wrote:
>
> > "Chuck Dickman" wrote:
> >
> > Thanks for helping me work through this. It looks like the boot device
> > must be within the first 8 devices that the firmware can see, but 2.11 BSD
> > wants all the unit number jumpers set to 0.
>
> Quite welcome! The boot monitor can load anything, but once 'boot'
> (or the kernel) is loaded they do not know how to deal with unit=8.
I think that was what I was trying to say, but you said it better.
Thanks.
>
> Steven Schultz
> sms(a)moe.2bsd.com
Now if someone could help be double my memory. :-)
Chuck Dickman
chd(a)nktelco.net
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>From Martijn van Buul <pino(a)dohd.org> Mon Feb 5 22:37:53 2001
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Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2001 13:37:53 +0100
From: Martijn van Buul <pino(a)dohd.org>
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: [pups] Y2K problem in ftpd?
Message-ID: <20010205133753.A23455(a)mud.stack.nl>
Reply-To: Martijn van Buul <pino(a)dohd.org>
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Hi.
A friendly user pointed me to this obvious error:
(part of a typescript, an FTP session to my PDP, running 2.11BSD)
ncftp /usr/home/martijnb> ls -la foobar.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 martijnb users 106 Jan 15 15:25 foobar.c
ncftp /usr/home/martijnb> quote mdtm foobar.c
191010115144152
(mdtm should return the datestamp, in the form yyyymmddhhmm. ftpd
thinks that it is 19101, and chops off the last digit of the filedate..)
Things go wrong when you try to get an allready existing file:
ncftp /usr/home/martijnb > get foobar.c
The local file "foobar.c" already exists.
Local: 133 bytes, dated Mon Feb 5 13:25:59 2001.
Remote: 133 bytes, dated Thu Oct 13 04:44:15 1910.
[O]verwrite? [A]ppend to? [S]kip? [N]ew Name? >
Hmm.
I'll see if I can figure out a quick patch :)
--
Martijn van Buul - Pino(a)dohd.org - http://www.stack.nl/~martijnb/
Geek code: G-- - Visit OuterSpace: mud.stack.nl 3333
Kees J. Bot: The sum of CPU power and user brain power is a constant.
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>From Dave Horsfall <dave(a)fgh.geac.com.au> Mon Feb 5 23:09:49 2001
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To: PDP Unix Preservation Society <pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [pups] Y2K problem in ftpd?
In-Reply-To: <20010205133753.A23455(a)mud.stack.nl>
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On Mon, 5 Feb 2001, Martijn van Buul wrote:
> ncftp /usr/home/martijnb> quote mdtm foobar.c
> 191010115144152
>
> (mdtm should return the datestamp, in the form yyyymmddhhmm. ftpd
> thinks that it is 19101, and chops off the last digit of the filedate..)
Yep, that's a sure sign, which (cough, cough) I have personally seen on
some (cough, cough) Y2K-compliant software supported by (cough, cough)
A Large Software Company. No, I wasn't personally responsible for that
code :-)
> I'll see if I can figure out a quick patch :)
Beware of the Y2K.1 bug :-(
Synopsis:
In order to overcome the Y2K bug, we implement a quick fix, because we
are too lazy to do it properly:
IF last two digits == '00' THEN make first two digits == '20'.
// Because we're gonna retire this stuff after 2000.
So what happens in 2001? Well, you get 1901, 19101, etc. Sigh... Isn't
that fix what got us into trouble in the first place?
Disclaimer: None of Geac software exhibited the Y2K.1 bug, since we tested
it thoroughly, for years 2000, 2001, etc: I make no comment on Y2K.
--
Dave Horsfall CL VK2KFU dave(a)geac.com.au Ph: +61 2 9978-7493 Fx: * 9978-7490
Geac Computers P/L (ERP Division) 2/57 Christie St, St Leonards 2065, Australia
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>From Martijn van Buul <pino(a)dohd.org> Mon Feb 5 23:27:46 2001
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Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2001 14:27:46 +0100
From: Martijn van Buul <pino(a)dohd.org>
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: Re: [pups] Y2K problem in ftpd?
Message-ID: <20010205142746.A24731(a)mud.stack.nl>
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Martijn van Buul wrote:
> I'll see if I can figure out a quick patch :)
Done.
A diff for /usr/src/libexec/ftpd/ftpcmd.y:
461,463c461,464
< "19%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d",
< t->tm_year, t->tm_mon+1, t->tm_mday,
< t->tm_hour, t->tm_min, t->tm_sec);
---
> "%04d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d",
> t->tm_year+1900, t->tm_mon+1,
> t->tm_mday, t->tm_hour, t->tm_min,
> t->tm_sec);
Miraculously, this *reduces* the size of the binary by a whopping two
bytes ;)
--
Martijn van Buul - Pino(a)dohd.org - http://www.stack.nl/~martijnb/
Geek code: G-- - Visit OuterSpace: mud.stack.nl 3333
Kees J. Bot: The sum of CPU power and user brain power is a constant.
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>From Dave Horsfall <dave(a)horsfall.org> Mon Feb 5 23:50:37 2001
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To: PDP Unix Preservation Society <pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [pups] Y2K problem in ftpd?
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On Mon, 5 Feb 2001, Martijn van Buul wrote:
> < "19%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d",
> < t->tm_year, t->tm_mon+1, t->tm_mday,
Dead giveaway...
> Miraculously, this *reduces* the size of the binary by a whopping two
> bytes ;)
Well, we can find a job for you in writing PDP-11 bootstraps :-)
--
Dave Horsfall CL VK2KFU dave(a)geac.com.au Ph: +61 2 9978-7493 Fx: * 9978-7490
Geac Computers P/L (ERP Division) 2/57 Christie St, St Leonards 2065, Australia
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On Sat, 3 Feb 2001, Richard Donkin wrote:
> "Steven M. Schultz" wrote:
> ...
> > I use BSD/OS myself, but FreeBSD works very nicely also. I've not
> > tried it with linux.
>
> Could you let me know the FreeBSD and Begemot P11 versions you were
> using? (Anyone
> else who has a working combination, feel free to jump in!)
This might not be state-of-the-art (but thats not the point anyway), I'm
running p11 version 2.5 on an FreeBSD 3.4 machine and it works ok, the main
problem I have found is that after a while the clock starts to run slow,
at the momement it thinks it's christmas eve (after beeing up about 130 days).
/Per Andersson
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>From Bill Gunshannon <bill(a)cs.scranton.edu> Sun Feb 4 08:23:08 2001
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Date: Sat, 3 Feb 2001 17:23:08 -0500 (EST)
From: Bill Gunshannon <bill(a)cs.scranton.edu>
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: Re: [pups] 2.11BSD networking on simulator
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On Sat, 3 Feb 2001, Per Andersson wrote:
>
> This might not be state-of-the-art (but thats not the point anyway), I'm
> running p11 version 2.5 on an FreeBSD 3.4 machine and it works ok, the main
Where can I find this Begemot P11 Emulator?? I visited the Begemot site
but the link to products doesn't appear to work. I have tried E11 (demo
version) and the Supnil Emulator, but have never heard of this one til now.
bill
--
Bill Gunshannon | de-moc-ra-cy (di mok' ra see) n. Three wolves
bill(a)cs.scranton.edu | and a sheep voting on what's for dinner.
University of Scranton |
Scranton, Pennsylvania | #include <std.disclaimer.h>
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>From Robin Birch <robin(a)ruffnready.co.uk> Sun Feb 4 09:45:42 2001
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To: Per Andersson <pa(a)cdg.chalmers.se>
Cc: Richard Donkin <rdonkin(a)bigfoot.com>, pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
From: Robin Birch <robin(a)ruffnready.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [pups] 2.11BSD networking on simulator
References: <3A7BD55D.B64B221B(a)bigfoot.com>
<Pine.GSO.4.32.0102032157010.4898-100000(a)wilfer4.cdg.chalmers.se>
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In message <Pine.GSO.4.32.0102032157010.4898-100000(a)wilfer4.cdg.chalmers
.se>, Per Andersson <pa(a)cdg.chalmers.se> writes
>
>
>On Sat, 3 Feb 2001, Richard Donkin wrote:
>
>> "Steven M. Schultz" wrote:
>> ...
>> > I use BSD/OS myself, but FreeBSD works very nicely also. I've not
>> > tried it with linux.
>>
>> Could you let me know the FreeBSD and Begemot P11 versions you were
>> using? (Anyone
>> else who has a working combination, feel free to jump in!)
>
>This might not be state-of-the-art (but thats not the point anyway), I'm
>running p11 version 2.5 on an FreeBSD 3.4 machine and it works ok, the main
>problem I have found is that after a while the clock starts to run slow,
>at the momement it thinks it's christmas eve (after beeing up about 130 days).
>
>
> /Per Andersson
>
>
Hi,
Harti Brandt, the guy who wrote this package is shortly (I hope :-))
going to release a new version that includes a clock patch that Steve
Schultz dreamt up.
Regards
Robin
Currently running P11 on linux
____________________________________________________________________
Robin Birch robin(a)ruffnready.co.uk
M1ASU/2E0ARJ/M5ABD Old computers and radios always welcome
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>From Robin Birch <robin(a)ruffnready.co.uk> Sun Feb 4 09:47:06 2001
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Date: Sat, 3 Feb 2001 23:47:06 +0000
To: Bill Gunshannon <bill(a)cs.scranton.edu>
Cc: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
From: Robin Birch <robin(a)ruffnready.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [pups] 2.11BSD networking on simulator
References: <Pine.GSO.4.32.0102032157010.4898-100000(a)wilfer4.cdg.chalmers.se>
<Pine.LNX.4.10.10102031721020.6311-100000(a)triangle.cs.uofs.edu>
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In message <Pine.LNX.4.10.10102031721020.6311-100000(a)triangle.cs.uofs.ed
u>, Bill Gunshannon <bill(a)cs.scranton.edu> writes
>On Sat, 3 Feb 2001, Per Andersson wrote:
>
>>
>> This might not be state-of-the-art (but thats not the point anyway), I'm
>> running p11 version 2.5 on an FreeBSD 3.4 machine and it works ok, the main
>
>Where can I find this Begemot P11 Emulator?? I visited the Begemot site
>but the link to products doesn't appear to work. I have tried E11 (demo
>version) and the Supnil Emulator, but have never heard of this one til now.
>
>bill
>
There is an oldish version on the pups archive. I believe that harti is
going to release a newer version soon.
regards
Robin
____________________________________________________________________
Robin Birch robin(a)ruffnready.co.uk
M1ASU/2E0ARJ/M5ABD Old computers and radios always welcome
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>From "Steven M. Schultz" <sms(a)moe.2bsd.com> Sun Feb 4 10:03:00 2001
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Date: Sat, 3 Feb 2001 16:03:00 -0800 (PST)
From: "Steven M. Schultz" <sms(a)moe.2bsd.com>
Message-Id: <200102040003.f14030W16555(a)moe.2bsd.com>
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: Re: [pups] 2.11BSD networking on simulator
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Hi -
> From: Per Andersson <pa(a)cdg.chalmers.se>
>
> This might not be state-of-the-art (but thats not the point anyway), I'm
> running p11 version 2.5 on an FreeBSD 3.4 machine and it works ok, the main
> problem I have found is that after a while the clock starts to run slow,
> at the momement it thinks it's christmas eve (after beeing up about 130 days).
The bug is an arithmetic overflow in the clock computations. After
about 24 days (with 60Hz power in the US) the number of ticks the
virtual machine has been up overflows 32 bits and time behaves very
strange.
Apply the patch below to 'device.c' and the problem goes away - it did
for me.
Steven Schultz
sms(a)moe.2bsd.com
--- device.c.dist Sat Mar 4 00:03:28 2000
+++ device.c Fri Sep 29 23:59:10 2000
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@
int secs;
int newrate, diff;
int newdir;
+ double dnow, dstart;
for(t = timeouts; t < &timeouts[ntimeouts]; t++)
if(t->time && --t->curr == 0) {
@@ -223,9 +224,9 @@
* to the number we have elapsed
*/
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
- secs = ((1000 * tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec/1000)
- - (1000 * timer.start.tv_sec + timer.start.tv_usec/1000))
- / 1000;
+ dstart = 1000.0 * timer.start.tv_sec + timer.start.tv_usec/1000.0;
+ dnow = 1000.0 * tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec/1000.0;
+ secs = (dnow - dstart) / 1000.0;
newrate = 1000000 / clock_rate;
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>From Jay Jaeger <cube1(a)home.com> Sun Feb 4 10:50:25 2001
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Date: Sat, 03 Feb 2001 18:50:25 -0600
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
From: Jay Jaeger <cube1(a)home.com>
Subject: [pups] V6 and PDP-11/34
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I *have* *run* the standard Unix V6 distribution on my PDP 11/34. Works
just fine.
I also compared my V6 distribution image with the one on PUPS (years ago)
and they matched just fine.
Load the pack from the RK05 image after the 100 (IIRC) block tape to disk
loader program [how you get it there is another issue, of course... 8-)],
boot up, type rkunix at the "@" and away you go.
I did not use the tape to disk program on the tape image, however -- I
didn't have a tape drive at the time IIRC. I have a standalone program
that used a parallel port on my PC and a DR11 on my PDP-11 to write it,
IIRC, but I might have used XMODEM and a serial port -- its been a lonnnng
time since I did it.
Jay Jaeger
Date: Wed, 31 Jan 2001 09:13:30 +1100 (EST)
From: Warren Toomey <pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
In article by Carl Lowenstein:
> Just from the historical point of view, note that the first major
> file on a genuine 6th Edition distribution tape _is_ a bootable
> RK05 image. Something like 4000 blocks.
>
> carl
Yes, but it doesn't boot on an 11/34 :(
That's the problem.
Cheers,
Warren
---
Jay R. Jaeger The Computer Collection
cube1(a)home.com visit http://members.home.net/thecomputercollection
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>From Warren Toomey <pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au> Wed Jan 31 08:13:30 2001
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Date: Sat, 3 Feb 2001 22:39:28 -0800 (PST)
From: "Steven M. Schultz" <sms(a)moe.2bsd.com>
Message-Id: <200102040639.f146dSx18575(a)moe.2bsd.com>
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: Re: [pups] 2.11BSD networking on simulator
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Hi -
> From: Richard Donkin <rdonkin(a)bigfoot.com>
> Could you let me know the FreeBSD and Begemot P11 versions you were
> using? (Anyone else who has a working combination, feel free to jump in!)
Gosh, it was quite a while ago that I tried P11 on a FreeBSD system.
It was pre-4.0 as I remember - perhaps 3.5 or 3.6
> Thanks very much for the config file, that should make life a lot
> easier... And
Quite welcome! Getting rid of the M4 macros and distilling the
config file down to the basics makes it much easier to see what
is going on. Coming up with that first config file was a day
or so of fun ;)
> thanks for all your efforts in updating 2.11BSD - very impressive to get
> a full fledged BSD system on a PDP-11!
You're welcome - it's been a lot of fun over the years. The past
couple years development has slowed down, combination of too many
other projects and not a lot of room left to stuff new features in ;)
Steven Schultz
sms(a)moe.2bsd.com
Hi Robin -
> From: robin.birch(a)postoffice.co.uk
>
> I know that this isn't to do with a pdp or ancient unix but does anyone know
> where I can find the sources for makedepend ?
It's installed in
/usr/src/X11/xc/config/makedepend
on the systems I have looked on.
Steven Schultz
sms(a)moe.2bsd.com
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>From Richard Donkin <rdonkin(a)bigfoot.com> Sat Feb 3 19:51:28 2001
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To: Greg Lehey <grog(a)lemis.com>
Cc: PUPS List <pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [pups] Re: 2.11BSD networking on simulator
References: <3A78919C.3D604E23(a)bigfoot.com> <20010201094448.D70596(a)wantadilla.lemis.com>
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Greg Lehey wrote:
>
> The Begemot emulator was written on BSD, so you'll probably find it
> easier to use under FreeBSD.
>
> > Does anyone have a working Begemot sim setup with networking, used
> > with 2.11BSD? If so, could you post your config files? The Begemot
> > sim seems a lot more complex to set up than Supnik.
>
> *sigh* I used to, and it worked well. A number of changes in FreeBSD
> have rendered the emulator non-functional, and I haven't had time to
> find out what's wrong. I'll take a look and see if I can see anything
> obvious, but it might take me a while.
Thanks - do you know what FreeBSD version it last worked on? Also,
which
version of P11 you are using? I'm not doing anything significant with
the FreeBSD
box (it's a virtual machine under VMware) so re-installing is not a
problem.
Richard
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>From Richard Donkin <rdonkin(a)bigfoot.com> Sat Feb 3 19:54:37 2001
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Subject: Re: [pups] 2.11BSD networking on simulator
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"Steven M. Schultz" wrote:
...
> I use BSD/OS myself, but FreeBSD works very nicely also. I've not
> tried it with linux.
Could you let me know the FreeBSD and Begemot P11 versions you were
using? (Anyone
else who has a working combination, feel free to jump in!)
Thanks very much for the config file, that should make life a lot
easier... And
thanks for all your efforts in updating 2.11BSD - very impressive to get
a full
fledged BSD system on a PDP-11!
Cheers
Richard
Ok, I know that this isn't to do with a pdp or ancient unix but does anyone know
where I can find the sources for makedepend ?
REgards
Robin
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>From Ian King <iking(a)microsoft.com> Sat Feb 3 03:03:59 2001
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From: Ian King <iking(a)microsoft.com>
To: "'Ken Wellsch'" <kwellsch(a)tampabay.rr.com>, pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: RE: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2001 09:03:59 -0800
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After seeing all the mail of success with the Supnik emulator, I found a
compiled copy and tried that -- and got to a login: prompt! That's with the
image you sent me -- many thanks. I'm going to have to learn more about the
Supnik emulator now; in particular, I need to understand how to set it for a
given processor emulation, so that once I rebuild the system to run on a '34
(which is supposed to be feasible), I can be reasonably sure it will work
once it's ported over to the real machine.
NOTE: neither simulator will run in a DOS box on Windows 2000. E11 starts
up, but has problem accessing files (you can't MOUNT a file as a device).
Supnik just won't go at all. I've been running my emulator on a DOS machine
(actually, an old 486 laptop; hey guys, I have a laptop PDP-11!).
Cheers -- Ian
-----Original Message-----
From: Ken Wellsch [mailto:kwellsch@tampabay.rr.com]
Sent: Wednesday, January 31, 2001 5:20 AM
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: Re: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
Ian King wrote:
>
> Ken, I tried using that image and gunzip told me there was a crc error; it
> wouldn't unzip it. (I downloaded it three times, just in case there was a
> transmission error -- twice by ftp, once by http.)
So going over all the things I can easily do data integrity checks on, I've
run 'gzip -tv' on all the GZip'ed things and found three that are apparently
damaged:
gzip: ./PDP-11/Distributions/dec/Ultrix-3.1/ultrix-3.1-bootape.tar.gz:
invalid compressed data--crc error
gzip: ./PDP-11/Distributions/research/Ken_Wellsch_v6/v6.tape.gz:
invalid compressed data--crc error
gzip: ./PDP-11/Distributions/unsw/90/record0.gz:
invalid compressed data--crc error
I can't comment on the *.Z compressed archives as they do not do any crc.
I will have to peruse my stack of archive CD's made at various stages of
the archive to see if I have the other two (I have a good 'v6.tape.gz'
file).
I did not try and run the MD5 list yet. But this is an example of why I
had been pushing for the use of MD5 for all items in the archive... B^)
-- Ken
This is a real stretch for my brain, but I seem to recall that the ";" that appeared in ";login:" in the 1970s was sort-of "bleed-through" from an escape sequence that was intended to do cursor positioning and/or screen-clearing on some terminals... or something like that... therefore its absence would not necessarily be significant on different hardware.
-Bill Mayhew, UNIX mangler emeritus
> From: owner-pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
> [mailto:owner-pups@minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au]On Behalf Of Carl Lowenstein
> Sent: Thursday, February 01, 2001 12:35 PM
> To: iking(a)microsoft.com
> Cc: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
> Subject: RE: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
>
>
> > From iking(a)microsoft.com Tue Jan 30 15:27 PST 2001
> > From: Ian King <iking(a)microsoft.com>
> > To: "'Ken Wellsch'" <kwellsch(a)tampabay.rr.com>,
> > Carl Lowenstein
> > <cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu>
> > Cc: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
> > Subject: RE: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
> > Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 14:38:15 -0800
> >
> > Ken, I tried using that image and gunzip told me there was a crc error; it
> > wouldn't unzip it. (I downloaded it three times, just in case there was a
> > transmission error -- twice by ftp, once by http.) I've also tried the
> > "Dennis" images, which are supposedly straight RK05 images; E11 won't boot
> > 'em. One issue on which I'm not clear: where is the boot address? Stuff
> at
> > loc 0 doesn't look like boot instructions.
> >
> > If I could get an image to run in an emulator (as I mentioned, I'm running
> > E11 from DBit), I'd write some cheesy little loader to bring it down the
> > serial line (I already have it sketched out); but until I can at least get
> > one to boot in the emulator, I'm reluctant to spend the hours (at 9600
> baud)
> > to spray it onto a disk. <sigh>
>
> Well, as some response to this challenge "get an image to run in an
> emulator",
> I visited Bob Supnik's Computer History Simulation Project web page
>
> <www.tiac.net/users/mps/retro/>
>
> and followed the links to the sources for SIMH v2.5a and to the Unix V6
> disk images.
>
> I read the documentation file "simh_doc.txt", and compiled the
> simulator. Then I read "simh_swre.txt", unpacked the V6 images, ran
> the simulator and attached the three RK05 images to it, and booted
> RK0. All according to the instructions.
>
> I got the bootstrap prompt "@" to which I typed "unix" and it came up
> with a "login:" prompt, to which I could log in as root, and do things.
>
> It's not quite the same V6 image that I remember from the olden days of
> loading onto an 11/40 from magtape. The login prompt seems not to be
> ";login:" as we still see on the Usenix magazine. dmr's account seems
> to have vanished but ken's is still there. And that's how I spent a
> few hours last night.
>
> In case it matters, the underlying hardware/software platform is an AMD
> K6-3 running Mandrake 7.1 Linux.
>
> carl
>
> carl lowenstein marine physical lab u.c. san diego
> {decvax|ucbvax} !ucsd!mpl!cdl cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu
> clowenstein(a)ucsd.edu
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>From Carl Lowenstein <cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu> Fri Feb 2 10:22:10 2001
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From: Carl Lowenstein <cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu>
Message-Id: <200102020022.QAA11849(a)chiton.ucsd.edu>
To: mayhew(a)altavista.com
Subject: Re: FW: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
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> From mayhew(a)altavista.com Thu Feb 1 14:31 PST 2001
> Date: 1 Feb 2001 14:30:43 -0800
> X-Sent: 1 Feb 2001 22:30:43 GMT
> To: cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu
> From: Bill Mayhew <mayhew(a)altavista.com>
> Cc: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
> Subject: Re: FW: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
>
> This is a real stretch for my brain, but I seem to recall that the
> ";" that appeared in ";login:" in the 1970s was sort-of "bleed-through"
> from an escape sequence that was intended to do cursor positioning
> and/or screen-clearing on some terminals... or something like that...
> therefore its absence would not necessarily be significant on different
> hardware.
Oh, yes. I was just hiding my previous knowledge. The ";" and ":" in
the login prompt were the visible part of escape sequences to control a
Teletype KSR37. They didn't do anything useful on a VT05 but did show
up on the screen.
Unix Sixth Edition predates the common availability of even the dumbest
CRT terminals. There are still a lot of TTY37 control codes hanging
around in nroff output.
carl
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I have the begemot simulator running very effectively on Linux, although I have
not used the emulated ethernet connection. If anyone knows how to set this up
on linux then I would welcome some help.
I must say that although p11 takes quite a bit of setting up it is well worth
the trouble.
Regards
Robin
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>From Carl Lowenstein <cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu> Fri Feb 2 03:35:13 2001
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Date: Thu, 1 Feb 2001 09:35:13 -0800 (PST)
From: Carl Lowenstein <cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu>
Message-Id: <200102011735.JAA05794(a)chiton.ucsd.edu>
To: iking(a)microsoft.com
Subject: RE: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
Cc: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
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> From iking(a)microsoft.com Tue Jan 30 15:27 PST 2001
> From: Ian King <iking(a)microsoft.com>
> To: "'Ken Wellsch'" <kwellsch(a)tampabay.rr.com>,
> Carl Lowenstein
> <cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu>
> Cc: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
> Subject: RE: [pups] A bootable disk image for a PDP-11/34?
> Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 14:38:15 -0800
>
> Ken, I tried using that image and gunzip told me there was a crc error; it
> wouldn't unzip it. (I downloaded it three times, just in case there was a
> transmission error -- twice by ftp, once by http.) I've also tried the
> "Dennis" images, which are supposedly straight RK05 images; E11 won't boot
> 'em. One issue on which I'm not clear: where is the boot address? Stuff at
> loc 0 doesn't look like boot instructions.
>
> If I could get an image to run in an emulator (as I mentioned, I'm running
> E11 from DBit), I'd write some cheesy little loader to bring it down the
> serial line (I already have it sketched out); but until I can at least get
> one to boot in the emulator, I'm reluctant to spend the hours (at 9600 baud)
> to spray it onto a disk. <sigh>
Well, as some response to this challenge "get an image to run in an emulator",
I visited Bob Supnik's Computer History Simulation Project web page
<www.tiac.net/users/mps/retro/>
and followed the links to the sources for SIMH v2.5a and to the Unix V6
disk images.
I read the documentation file "simh_doc.txt", and compiled the
simulator. Then I read "simh_swre.txt", unpacked the V6 images, ran
the simulator and attached the three RK05 images to it, and booted
RK0. All according to the instructions.
I got the bootstrap prompt "@" to which I typed "unix" and it came up
with a "login:" prompt, to which I could log in as root, and do things.
It's not quite the same V6 image that I remember from the olden days of
loading onto an 11/40 from magtape. The login prompt seems not to be
";login:" as we still see on the Usenix magazine. dmr's account seems
to have vanished but ken's is still there. And that's how I spent a
few hours last night.
In case it matters, the underlying hardware/software platform is an AMD
K6-3 running Mandrake 7.1 Linux.
carl
carl lowenstein marine physical lab u.c. san diego
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