Hi all,
Several new things have arrived in the PUPS Archive, so I thought
I'd pass on details of what and where.
Tim Shoppa has found & recovered the tapes from the following Usenix
conferences: 1983, 1987, 1988 and 1989. Their contents are now in
Applications/Shoppa_Tapes in the archive.
Dennis Ritchie has sent in two DECtape images, s1-bits and s2-bits.
s2-bits dates from 1972, and contains several 1st Edition binaries and
the binaries of an early C compiler. s1-bits is part of a disk image,
but I've been able to recover some of its contents: some application
source in both assembly and C. It seems to date from early 1973. Both
tapes are in Distributions/research/1972_stuff in the archive.
By using the C compiler binaries on s2-bits, I've been able to recompile
the two primeval C compilers whose source is in Applications/Early_C_Compilers
and which are described by Dennis on his web page at
http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/primevalC.html
Most recently, Dennis has also unearthed the on-line manual pages for
3rd and 4th Edition UNIX. They are in Distributions/research/Dennis_v3
and Distributions/research/Dennis_v3, respectively.
It still looks like all kernel code before 5th Edition is gone, except
for the nsys kernel code in Distributions/research/Dennis_v3 and a few bits
on paper that Dennis has.
Cheers,
Warren
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>From "A. P. Garcia" <apg(a)execpc.com> Fri Jan 21 03:25:39 2000
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> Several new things have arrived in the PUPS Archive, so I thought
> I'd pass on details of what and where.
Could someone please burn a new snapshot of the archive for me? I'm happy
to compensate you, of course.
Thanks,
Phil Garcia
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Please do not trash me on this one! I think that 4000 series µVAX is just a little more than I need. Would anyone care to swap this puppy for a table-top PDP-8 or PDP-11 of any sort? I have a working machine & keyboard; it wants your basic RGB with or without sync (i.e. sync on green). Whaddadya think? Happy new year! --JCR
On Fri, Jan 14, 2000 at 07:52:53PM -0500, Tim Shoppa wrote:
> As the possibly only member of this list who still makes a living writing
> MACRO-11 code, I'm gonna take two shots at this:
I believe the SEP RELAG-3 system (www.sep.de) is based on LSI-11, not sure
it is written in assembler, though. Perhaps Torsten could tell ...
Joerg
--
Joerg B. Micheel Email: <joerg(a)begemot.org>
Begemot Computer Associates Phone: +64 7 8562148
40 Masters Avenue, Hillcrest Fax: +64 7 8562148
Hamilton, New Zealand Pager: +64 868 38222
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>From Carl Lowenstein <cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu> Tue Jan 18 15:17:43 2000
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From: Carl Lowenstein <cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu>
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To: SHOPPA(a)trailing-edge.com
Subject: Re: macro-11 for V7-Unix
Cc: PUPS(a)minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au
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> From owner-pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au Fri Jan 14 17:09 PST 2000
> Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2000 19:52:53 -0500
> From: Tim Shoppa <SHOPPA(a)trailing-edge.com>
> To: PUPS(a)minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au
> Subject: Re: macro-11 for V7-Unix
>
> >In article by Prof. Karl Kleine:
> >> once upon a time, it was around 1981, I used a pdp11/45 with V7
> >> (I started my life with Unix with V6 in 1977/8), doing some research
> >> in compilers, portability, dense code schemes for interpreters.
> >> For that I used a port of DEC MACRO-11 to Unix. There was also
> >>...
> >> I have the Supnik emulator to play with, and I wonder if this
> >> macro-11 and linker is still somewhere around. I would love to
> >> prepare a few examples for my lessons here (I'm a professor in
>
> >Hi Karl, I think this came up on Usenet recently. No I don't know
> >of a port of Macro-11 to Unix. I'll pass this on to our mailing list,
> >just in case anybody knows of it.
>
> As the possibly only member of this list who still makes a living writing
> MACRO-11 code, I'm gonna take two shots at this:
>
> One possibility is the "as11" assembler from Xinu. It's a fairly portable
> PDP-11 assembler, but doesn't have all the real macro facilities of
> real Macro-11. You can find this at
>
> http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/academic/computer-science/history/pdp-11/xinu/un…
>
> The other (and more likely) possibility is the "m11" macro package from
> Harvard, which *does* come with a linker ("l11") as Karl described. The
> full distribution is in the 2.11BSD source tree, at "/usr/src/new/m11".
>
> Tim Shoppa Email: shoppa(a)trailing-edge.com
Let me toss in another possibility. Around that time (late 70's -
early 80's) we (Marine Physical Lab) were running an RT-11 emulator on
a couple of our PDP-11 Unix systems. Product of Human Computing
Resources, as I remember. Once you can emulate RT-11, you can run all
of its CUSPs: assembler, linker, Fortran, what have you. Assuming, of
course, that you have appropriate licenses etc.
We did it to get a reasonably capable Fortran compiler with our Unix.
carl
carl lowenstein marine physical lab u.c. san diego
{decvax|ucbvax} !ucsd!mpl!cdl cdl(a)mpl.ucsd.edu
clowenstein(a)ucsd.edu
In article by Prof. Karl Kleine:
>
> Dear Warren,
>
> once upon a time, it was around 1981, I used a pdp11/45 with V7
> (I started my life with Unix with V6 in 1977/8), doing some research
> in compilers, portability, dense code schemes for interpreters.
> For that I used a port of DEC MACRO-11 to Unix. There was also
> an associated linker and the package offered also Fortran, though
> I didnt't use the latter. As far as I remember, this port was
> done at Harvard and distributed to some academic sites. I was
> at the University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands, at that time.
>
> I have the Supnik emulator to play with, and I wonder if this
> macro-11 and linker is still somewhere around. I would love to
> prepare a few examples for my lessons here (I'm a professor in
> computer science these days, at the University of Applied Sciences
> here in Jena).
>
> Any ideas? Might there be copies in yours archive? I would like
> to know before I go through the motions of getting teh SCO source
> licence and all that...
>
> Thanks for your help!
> Karl Kleine
Hi Karl, I think this came up on Usenet recently. No I don't know
of a port of Macro-11 to Unix. I'll pass this on to our mailing list,
just in case anybody knows of it.
Cheers,
Warren
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>From Tim Shoppa <SHOPPA(a)trailing-edge.com> Sat Jan 15 10:52:53 2000
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Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2000 19:52:53 -0500
From: Tim Shoppa <SHOPPA(a)trailing-edge.com>
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>In article by Prof. Karl Kleine:
>> once upon a time, it was around 1981, I used a pdp11/45 with V7
>> (I started my life with Unix with V6 in 1977/8), doing some research
>> in compilers, portability, dense code schemes for interpreters.
>> For that I used a port of DEC MACRO-11 to Unix. There was also
>>...
>> I have the Supnik emulator to play with, and I wonder if this
>> macro-11 and linker is still somewhere around. I would love to
>> prepare a few examples for my lessons here (I'm a professor in
>Hi Karl, I think this came up on Usenet recently. No I don't know
>of a port of Macro-11 to Unix. I'll pass this on to our mailing list,
>just in case anybody knows of it.
As the possibly only member of this list who still makes a living writing
MACRO-11 code, I'm gonna take two shots at this:
One possibility is the "as11" assembler from Xinu. It's a fairly portable
PDP-11 assembler, but doesn't have all the real macro facilities of
real Macro-11. You can find this at
http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/academic/computer-science/history/pdp-11/xinu/un…
The other (and more likely) possibility is the "m11" macro package from
Harvard, which *does* come with a linker ("l11") as Karl described. The
full distribution is in the 2.11BSD source tree, at "/usr/src/new/m11".
Here's the man page - look at the "NOTES" section near the bottom for
the history.
M11(1) M11(1)
NAME
m11 - Macro-11 assembler for UNIX
SYNOPSIS
m11 [ option1 option2 ... ] file1 file2 ... filen
DESCRIPTION
M11 assembles the concatenation of the specified files
(file1, etc.) and terminates when an ``.end'' statement
is encountered. The resulting object file is usually
named filen.obj (see below). If a file argument, filei
does not contain a ``.'' in its name, the file filei.m11
will be sought before filei itself.
Options, if desired, may appear anywhere in the command,
and are chosen from the following list. All options are
interpreted before any files are read.
-ls Produce an assembly listing and place in filen.lst
-lt Produce an assembly listing on the standard output.
-fl If coupled with the -ls or -lt directives, makes
the listing have a shortened format. It is short<AD>
hand for -nl:seq:loc:bin:bex:me:meb:ttm:toc:sym.
-uc Simulate an initial .dsabl lc directive. Force all
characters in macro definitions to be upper case.
This flag makes lower-case handling in m11 compat<AD>
able with the DEC Macro-11 assemblers.
-um Force all characters in macro definitions to be
upper case. This flag makes lower-case handling in
this release of m11 compatable with previous ver<AD>
sions of m11.
-de Make all option choices needed to make assembly
mimic DEC Macro-11. Implies (inter alia) the -uc
flag. This includes the Johns Hopkins asm assem<AD>
bler.
-ha Make all option choices needed to make assembly
mimic earlier (Harvard) releases of m11. This
implies the -um flag. Default .psect and .csect
attributes are set up in the funny Harvard way.
-mx Produce a listing of the source program as it
appears after macro expansion. Macro calls, condi<AD>
tional directives and so on appear in the listing
as comments. Listing appears on standard output.
No machine code is generated or listed. This
option is meant to correspond to the -E or -P
options of the C compiler cc(1).
-my Like -mx, except that macro calls and conditional
directives do not show up in the listing.
-10 Generate an error whenever op codes not in the
PDP-11 ``standard instruction set'' are encoun<AD>
tered. Programmers writing for a PDP 11/10 can
catch instructions illegal for that machine by
using this argument.
-dp:args
The default attributes for a .psect or unnamed
.csect are redefined, using the colon-separated
list args of valid .psect attributes.
-da:args
The default attributes for an .asect are redefined.
-dp:c The default attributes for a named .csect are rede<AD>
fined.
-li:arglist
Simulate an initial .list arglist directive. All
.list and .nlist directives in the program text
which attempt to change the settings established
with the -li flag will be ignored.
-nl:arglist
Like -li:arglist, but for the .nlist directive.
-en:arglist
Similarly, for the .enabl directive.
-ds:arglist
Similarly, but for the .dsabl directive.
-cr:arglist
Produces a cross-reference listing. If the -ls
option is also included, the cross-reference list<AD>
ing will follow the assembly listing in filen.lst.
References which are tagged with the symbol # are
definitions. References tagged with * are destuc<AD>
tive references: the value of the symbol or vari<AD>
able in question is changed. Arglist consists of
colon-separated keywords from the following set.
The keywords may be prefix abbreviated:
sym All user-defined symbols are indexed.
mac All macro names are indexed.
per All uses of permanent symbols - op codes,
directives, etc - are indexed.
pse All psect names are indexed. For compata<AD>
bility with the RT-11 CREF program, the
argument cse is synonymous with pse.
err All errors are indexed.
reg All register uses are indexed.
If no arglist is specified the default sym:mac:err
is used. In the listing page and line numbers for
uses of symbols are followed by a # sign if the
symbol is defined and by a * sign if the symbol is
modified.
-lp Same as -ls, but also spools filen.lst for printing
upon completion.
-no No object file is produced. This is useful for
syntax checking or list producing.
-xs:n Allots nK words of extra space for symbol table and
macro storage. NOTE: This option is currently
inoperative: m11 automatically allots core for its
tables as needed.
-xx Debug flag: generate all kinds of wierd hack flack.
-ns No symbol table is included in the object file
(thus ddt knows of no symbols from this assembly).
-sx Make the symbol table contain ``local symbols'' as
well as ordinary symbols.
-u Treat form feed characters as spaces. This will
make m11's idea of line numbers coincide with the
UNIX text editors. Macro-11 statements containing
imbedded form feed characters will be parsed dif<AD>
ferently when the -u flag is in effect.
-na:file
Override the convention of using last name as file
name. Instead, use names file.obj and file.lst for
object and listing files.
NOTES
This implementation of Macro-11 is a distant hand-me down
from an old DEC Macro-11 modified at Harvard University in
the early 1970's. It is grubby with smudges by Brent
Byer, F. J. Howard, Bob Bowering, and Jim Reeds. It does
not implement keyword arguments such as are described in
section 7.3.6 of the DEC manual. The .enabl abs option
does not work. Listing control is by default .list ttm.
Unlike earlier editions of m11 at UCB and at Harvard, it
does treat immediate constants of floating point opera<AD>
tions correctly: see the last paragraph of section 6.4.2
on the middle of page 6-27 of the DEC manual. M11 has
several directives not described in the DEC manual. See
the New UCB M11 Manual. The default attributes for
.psects are different from those described in the DEC man<AD>
ual, but may be changed by the -dp flag. The .enabl glb
feature is implemented: undefined symbols are taken as
undefined global externals.
FILES
/usr/share/misc/sysmac.smlsystem macro library (for .mcall
directive)
filen.xrf intermediate cross-reference temporary
file
lpr(1) spooler
/usr/ucb/macxrf cross-reference post-processor
SEE ALSO
PDP-11 MACRO-11 Language Reference Manual , Digital Equip<AD>
ment Corp. Order No. AA-5075A-TC, August 1977.
New UCB M11 Manual , notional document by Jim Reeds.
--
Tim Shoppa Email: shoppa(a)trailing-edge.com
Trailing Edge Technology WWW: http://www.trailing-edge.com/
7328 Bradley Blvd Voice: 301-767-5917
Bethesda, MD, USA 20817 Fax: 301-767-5927
I just wrote:
> [...]
> --
> Michael Sokolov 2695 VILLA CREEK DR STE 240
> Software Engineer DALLAS TX 75234-7329 USA
> JP Systems, Inc. Phone: +1-972-484-5432 x247
> or +1-888-665-2460 x247
> E-mail: msokolov(a)meson.jpsystems.com Fax: +1-972-484-4154
Argh! Used the wrong sig file again! Here is the right one:
--
Michael Sokolov Harhan Computer Operation Facility
Special Agent 615 N GOOD LATIMER EXPY #4
International Free Computing Task Force DALLAS TX 75204-5852 USA
Phone: +1-214-824-7693
ARPA INET: msokolov(a)meson.jpsystems.com
I guess I'll keep bumping into this one until I set up separate mail addresses
for my two affiliations and subscribe to all lists from the right one... Sorry
about that.
John Rosenberg <jcrosenberg(a)earthlink.net> wrote:
> Recently I came into posession of a MicroVAX 4000 series machine at an
> auction, and the question now is: What do I do with the darned thing?
The right answer for you is the Quasijarus project. See its WWW page at:
http://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/Quasijarus/
The project has a mailing list to which I have already subscribed you. To post
to the list, send to quasijarus(a)meson.jpsystems.com. If anyone else wants to
subscribe, drop a line to quasijarus-request(a)meson.jpsystems.com.
--
Michael Sokolov 2695 VILLA CREEK DR STE 240
Software Engineer DALLAS TX 75234-7329 USA
JP Systems, Inc. Phone: +1-972-484-5432 x247
or +1-888-665-2460 x247
E-mail: msokolov(a)meson.jpsystems.com Fax: +1-972-484-4154
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On a recent expedition, I recovered some additional USENIX tapes:
Usenix 83
Usenix 87
Usenix 88
Usenix 89
Now, none of these are as "classic" as the current Usenix tapes in the
PUPS archive (by my searching, Usenix 77, 78, 79, 80, and 81.) Is
there perhaps some other on-line archive out there that would be
interested in copies of these tapes? My E-mails to various addresses
on www.usenix.org so far have left me with the impression that they
have no library of material older than 1993 and they have no interest
in older material, though I strongly suspect that I'm talking with all
the wrong people.
--
Tim Shoppa Email: shoppa(a)trailing-edge.com
Trailing Edge Technology WWW: http://www.trailing-edge.com/
7328 Bradley Blvd Voice: 301-767-5917
Bethesda, MD, USA 20817 Fax: 301-767-5927
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>From "John Rosenberg" <jcrosenberg(a)earthlink.net> Thu Jan 13 02:03:04 2000
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From: "John Rosenberg" <jcrosenberg(a)earthlink.net>
To: <wkt(a)cs.adfa.edu.au>, "Unix Heritage Society" <pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au>
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Subject: New member
Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 11:03:04 -0500
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Kind greetings, all. I am a new member of the Society, and have been
delighted with the messages I have seen.
Recently I came into posession of a MicroVAX 4000 series machine at an
auction, and the question now is: What do I do with the darned thing? It was
really a bargain I could not pass up; and I'm pretty sure that it is in
entirely usable condition. (I still have to fully test it.)
Suggesetions? I have no Web site to run, even if I did want to spend the
money on the required infrastructure & maintenance.
Much obliged in advance, and again, I am more than happy to have joined the
Society.
John Rosenberg
33 Pond Ave. #601
Brookline, MA 02445
617-277-7868
jcrosenberg(a)earthlink.net (generally preferred)
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Hi All,
With a lot of help from Norman Wilson, Tim Shoppa and Dennis Ritchie
himself, I've been able to modify my Apout emulator to run the 2nd Edition
UNIX C compiler binaries. Using these, I've been able to recompile the
`last1120' C compiler described by Dennis on his web page at:
http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/primevalC.html
The new version of Apout, as always, is available at:
ftp://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/pub/PDP-11/Sims/Apout/
I've also put the source code to the last1120 C compiler in UnixBins/
Soren also pointed out a code problem stopping compilation on NetBSD,
which has been fixed.
Cheers all,
Warren
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>From "Daniel A. Seagraves" <DSEAGRAV(a)toad.xkl.com> Tue Jan 11 01:08:33 2000
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Date: Mon, 10 Jan 2000 07:08:33 -0800
From: "Daniel A. Seagraves" <DSEAGRAV(a)toad.xkl.com>
Subject: I need help rewriting the 2.11BSD bootblock...
To: pups(a)minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au
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Problem as follows:
I have a PDP-11/44, 2 DZ11s, a (currently nonfunctional) Emulex TC12
tape controller, a Pertec-type drive for that (known working), and a
Viking UDT MSCP <> SCSI disk controller. Problem is, the Viking doesn't
raise the RACMDI bit upon completion of a command because interrupts are
off, so the boot loops forever. I tried taking out the test for RACMDI
and just putting in delay loops, but that doesn't work. (The boot hangs
later on trying to reset the controller. I dunno if the I/O went or not.)
The controller and system are known good. I can put RT-11 back on the disk
and it will run fine (excepting the date). I have a 200 meg SCSI-1 drive
on there, it will get a 540 meg drive later.
Anyway, I need to change the boot. I was told others had this problem too.
I lack MSCP docs and don't really have the knowledge to do this. Can someone
help me, or at least point me at someone who can? I'm more or less stuck for
now.
-------
So far as I know (from conversations with insiders in the past), no system
was ever shipped out of Bell Labs with Ken's self-healing trojan horse in
login and the C compiler. (For those who don't remember, both programs
were involved: login buggered so that a secret string was always accepted
as a valid password for any login; the compiler buggered to recognize when
compiling login or itself, and reinsert the buggery. Hence one can remove
the buggered sources, but as long as the binaries remain, so will the bugs.)
Ken's Turing Award lecture doesn't say whether those programs were ever
shipped to the public. He probably left it dangling on purpose, since
the point he is trying to make is that it isn't just code you have to trust,
but the programmer who wrote it; you cannot possibly know everything that's
going on inside unless you created everything involved, including compilers
and assemblers and the operating system.
Dennis's Turing Award lecture in the same issue of CACM is worth re-reading too,
especially for those who think that Open Source is a cure for the common
cold or that it was invented in the 1990s or 1980s.
Norman Wilson
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>From Warren Toomey <wkt(a)cs.adfa.edu.au> Thu Jan 6 19:45:17 2000
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From: Warren Toomey <wkt(a)cs.adfa.edu.au>
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Subject: Re: CVS Repository for UNIX
In-Reply-To: <200001060909.UAA48145(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au> from "norman(a)nose.cita.utoronto.ca" at "Jan 6, 2000 4: 8:52 am"
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Date: Thu, 6 Jan 2000 20:45:17 +1100 (EST)
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In article by norman(a)nose.cita.utoronto.ca:
> I would argue strongly that the archive should contain absolutely pure
> copies of any historic objects, whether they were proper distributions
> or just snapshots like most of the older boot images. It's important
> to preserve accurate, unbowdlerized history; that is part of what we
> should be doing.
I agree completely.
> Even using a CVS repository somehow doesn't feel kosher to me, though
> that is probably silly as long as it is possible (and clear how) to
> extract the unimproved original, and as long as the very original
> distribution or dump tape or whatnot is kept around too so that future
> archaeologists have the right thing to study.
With CVS you can tag releases, and so you can extract back from a known
release. You can have branches at various points too, and also merge
branches. However, it really needs a CVS guru to make it work properly.
And, of course, when we get to BSD, we should bring the existing
SCCS deltas into the CVS tree, too.
The CVS idea can be someone else's project :-)
Warren
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>From Tim Shoppa <SHOPPA(a)trailing-edge.com> Thu Jan 6 23:16:41 2000
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Date: Thu, 6 Jan 2000 8:16:41 -0500
From: Tim Shoppa <SHOPPA(a)trailing-edge.com>
To: PUPS(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
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Subject: Re: Viral Unix Compiler
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>So far as I know (from conversations with insiders in the past), no system
>was ever shipped out of Bell Labs with Ken's self-healing trojan horse in
>login and the C compiler. (For those who don't remember, both programs
>were involved: login buggered so that a secret string was always accepted
>as a valid password for any login; the compiler buggered to recognize when
>compiling login or itself, and reinsert the buggery. Hence one can remove
>the buggered sources, but as long as the binaries remain, so will the bugs.)
>
>Ken's Turing Award lecture doesn't say whether those programs were ever
>shipped to the public. He probably left it dangling on purpose, since
>the point he is trying to make is that it isn't just code you have to trust,
>but the programmer who wrote it; you cannot possibly know everything that's
>going on inside unless you created everything involved, including compilers
>and assemblers and the operating system.
Perhaps Ken went even further and distributed buggered binaries of 'od'
as well (along with a 'cc' patch to re-insert the 'od' hole),
so those attempting to hand disassemble the code to *check* for
the existence of the security hole wouldn't find it.
The 'cc+login' hole is nice, sweet, and self-consistent. Attempting
to patch all the other tools to make it impossible to find these holes
sounds incredibly more complicated. Maybe it was just the way Ken
so clearly presented the "how to" lesson that makes anything I try to add
onto it sound incredibly awkward.
--
Tim Shoppa Email: shoppa(a)trailing-edge.com
Trailing Edge Technology WWW: http://www.trailing-edge.com/
7328 Bradley Blvd Voice: 301-767-5917
Bethesda, MD, USA 20817 Fax: 301-767-5927
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>From John Foust <jfoust(a)threedee.com> Fri Jan 7 00:23:43 2000
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Date: Thu, 06 Jan 2000 08:23:43 -0600
To: PUPS(a)minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
From: John Foust <jfoust(a)threedee.com>
Subject: Re: Viral Unix Compiler
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Has it ever been independently established that this viral
version of the compiler ever actually existed, or was this
just a parable about viral code?
- John
