Portal:Technology and applied sciences
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The Technology and applied sciences Portal
Technology (Gr. technologia (τεχνολογία) < techne (τέχνη) "craft" + logia (λόγος); "saying") Technology is the application of developments in science and engineering to benefit humanity. It may be defined as: "Solutions for real human problems by the development and application of tools, machines, materials, goods, or information in the form of skills, knowledge, processes, blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs, specifications, manuals, or instructions."
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only fully functional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The GPS uses a constellation of between 24 and 32 Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals, that enable GPS receivers to determine their location, speed, direction, and time. GPS was developed by the United States Department of Defense. Its official name is NAVSTAR-GPS. Although NAVSTAR-GPS is not an acronym, a few backronyms have been created for it. The GPS satellite constellation is managed by the United States Air Force 50th Space Wing.
Similar satellite navigation systems include the Russian GLONASS (incomplete as of 2008), the upcoming European Galileo positioning system, the proposed COMPASS navigation system of China, and IRNSS of India.
Following the shooting down of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 in 1983, President Ronald Reagan issued a directive making the system available free for civilian use as a common good. Since then, GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation worldwide, and a useful tool for map-making, land surveying, commerce, scientific uses, and hobbies such as geocaching. GPS also provides a precise time reference used in many applications including scientific study of earthquakes, and synchronization of telecommunications networks.
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A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variation of a ramjet with the distinction being that some or all of the combustion process takes place supersonically. At higher speeds, it is necessary to combust supersonically to maximize the efficiency of the combustion process. Projections for the top speed of a scramjet engine (without additional oxidiser input) vary between Mach 12 and Mach 24 (orbital velocity).
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Christopher Columbus Kraft, Jr. (born February 28, 1924) is a retired NASA engineer and manager. After graduating from Virginia Tech in 1944, Kraft was hired by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the predecessor organization to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). He worked for over a decade in aeronautical research before being asked in 1958 to join the Space Task Group, a small team entrusted with the responsibility of putting America's first man in space. Assigned to the flight operations division, Kraft became NASA's first flight director. He was on duty during such historic missions as America's first spaceflight, first orbital flight and first spacewalk.
At the beginning of the Apollo program Kraft retired as a flight director in order to concentrate on management and mission planning. In 1972 he became director of the Manned Spacecraft Center (later Johnson Space Center), following in the footsteps of his mentor Robert Gilruth. He held the position until his retirement from NASA in 1982. During his retirement, Kraft has consulted for numerous companies including IBM and Rockwell International, and he published an autobiography entitled Flight: My Life in Mission Control.
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Wikinews Science and technology portal
- September 18: Two largest known prime numbers discovered just two weeks apart, one qualifies for $100k prize
- September 17: Discovery sheds light on flow of water in carbon nanotubes
- September 16: Large particle accelerators to explore the frontiers of physics
- September 4: Google removes ownership claim from Chrome EULA
- September 4: Sony recalls 440,000 laptops due to wiring faults
- September 3: DHS relies on Wikipedia for asylum information, appeals court rules against use
- September 3: Wikinews Shorts: September 3, 2008
- September 2: Burj Dubai becomes world's tallest tower
- August 31: NASA considers continuing shuttle use after 2010
- August 31: Radical left computer activists capture data of Blood and Honour web forum with 31,948 users
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Did you know...
- ... that a mercury arc rectifier converts alternating current to direct current by means of an electric arc through mercury?
- ... that only one of the 266 1076 Class steam locomotives built for the Great Western Railway was named, and the rest had only numbers?
- ... that the six Charles Tayleur locomotives ordered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the Great Western Railway were unsuccessful?

- ... that the intensity of a tropical cyclone (pictured) is usually determined by the Dvorak technique using only visible and infrared satellite images?
- ... that the technique of double-balloon enteroscopy allows any position along the gastrointestinal tract to be visualized in real-time?
- ... that ANTARES, a neutrino telescope under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, will find neutrinos from outer space by looking downward, into the Earth?
- ... that KATRIN is an experiment to determine the mass of the neutrino by measuring the energies of electrons given off from the beta decay of tritium?
- ... that forensic electrical engineering is a branch of forensic engineering whose primary role is to investigate whether a fire was caused by the failure of an electrical appliance?
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Lists of basic topics (all)
- Main outlines: List of basic science topics and List of basic technology topics.
Aerospace • Agriculture • Architecture • Artificial intelligence • Automation • Automobile • Big Science • Biotechnology • Cartography • Chemical engineering • Communication • Computer science (Information technology, Internet, Programming, Software engineering) • Construction • Dentistry • Design • Education • Energy development • Energy storage • Engineering • Ergonomics • Family and consumer science • Firefighting • Forensics • Forestry • Free software • Health sciences • Health • Industry • Information technology • Internet • Library and information science • Machines • Management • Manufacturing • Marketing • Military • Mining • Nanotechology • Nuclear technology • Nutrition • Radio • Robotics • Space exploration • Telecommunication (Internet) • Transport • Vehicles
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Categories (all)
- Main categories: Technology and Applied sciences
Agriculture & Agronomy • Architecture • Artificial intelligence • Automation • Biotechnology • Blu-ray • Cartography • Chemical engineering • Communication (Media studies • Telecommunications) • Construction • Design • Digital divide • Electronics • Energy • Ergonomics • Firefighting • Forensics • Forestry • Industry • Information science • Information technology • Internet • Management • Manufacturing • Marketing • Medicine (Unsolved problems in neuroscience) • Metalworking • Microtechnology • Military science • Mining • Nanotechnology • Nuclear technology • Nutrition • Optics • Plumbing • Robotics • Sound technology • Space exploration • Technology forecasting • Tools
Computing: Classes of computers • Companies • Computer architecture • Computer model • Computer science • Computer security • Computing and society • Data • Embedded systems • Free software • Human-computer interaction • Information systems • Internet • Languages • Multimedia • Networks • Industrial Networks • Operating systems • Platforms • Product lifecycle management • Programming • Real-time computing • Software • Software engineering • Unsolved problems in computer science • More...
Electronics: Avionics • RF & MMIC Design • Circuits • Companies • Connectors • Consumer electronics • Digital electronics • Digital media • Electrical components • Electronic design • Electronics manufacturing • Embedded systems • Integrated circuits • Microwave technology • Molecular electronics • Water technology • Optoelectronics • Quantum electronics • RFID • Radio electronics • Semiconductors • Signal cables • Surveillance • Telecommunications • Terminology • More...
Engineering: Aerospace engineering • Bioengineering • Chemical engineering • Civil engineering • Electrical engineering • Environmental engineering • Materials science • Mechanical engineering • Nuclear technology • Software engineering • Structural engineering
Transportation: By country • Automobiles • Aviation • Cycling • Public transport • Rail transport • Road transport • Shipping • Spaceflight • Vehicles • Water transport
Technology timelines
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Topics (all)
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Main articles: Technology and Applied sciences
Technological concepts and issues • Appropriate technology • Diffusion of innovations • Doomsday device • Externality • High technology • History of science and technology • History of technology • Industry • Innovation • Knowledge economy • Persuasion technology • Pollution • Posthumanism • Precautionary principle • Research and development • Strategy of technology • Superpowers • Technicism • Technocapitalism • Technocriticism • Techno-progressivism • Technological convergence • Technological evolution • Technological determinism • Technological diffusion • Technological singularity • Technology acceptance model • Technology assessment • Technology lifecycle • Technology transfer • Technology Tree • Technorealism • Timeline of invention • Transhumanism
Technologies and applied sciences • Aerospace • Agriculture, agricultural science, & agronomy • Architecture • Artificial intelligence • Automation • Automobile • Big Science • Biotechnology • Cartography • Chemical engineering • Communication • Computer science (Computing, Programming, Software engineering, List of open problems in computer science) • Construction • Dentistry • Design • Education • Electronics • Energy development • Energy storage • Engineering • Ergonomics • Family and consumer science • Firefighting • Forensics • Forestry • Free software • Health sciences • Health • Industry • Information science • Information technology • Internet • Library and information science • Machines • Management • Manufacturing • Marketing • Mass communication • Mass production • Medicine (Unsolved problems in neuroscience) • Military science • Military technology and equipment • Mining • Nanotechnology • Nuclear technology • Nutrition • Processes • Robotics • Space exploration • Technology forecasting • Telecommunications • Tools • Transport (By country) • Vehicles • Weapons
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Lists of topics (all)
Technologies • Materials technology • Microscope technology
Agriculture • Herbs and spices • Organic gardening and farming • Sustainable agriculture
Architecture and Construction
- Buildings and structures • Irish buildings • Historic civil engineering landmarks
- Lighthouses and lightvessels • Belgium • Canada • France • Germany • Sweden • USA
- Windmills • UK
- Watermills • UK
- Tallest buildings and structures in the world • Tall buildings in London
Computing and the Internet • AMD microprocessors • software bugs • computing and IT abbreviations • GNU packages • Graphics file formats • IBM products • Internet slang • Internet topics • Internet top-level domains • Intel chipsets • Intel microprocessors • machines running CP/M • microcomputers • newsgroups • open source software packages • operating systems • screen readers (assistive technology for blind people) • UNIVAC products • Unixes • Unix programs • wikis • Timeline of computing • Timeline of hacker history • digital library projects
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- World Wide Web • Colors • HTML editors •
- Web technologies • Java • .NET • Web 2.0 • Ajax
Computer science • Algorithms • data structures • information technology management topics • important publications in computer science • open problems in computer science • software engineering topics • terms relating to algorithms and data structures
- Character sets and encodings: ASCII • EBCDIC • ISO 646 • ISO 8859-1 • ISO 8859-2 • ISO 8859-3 • ISO 8859-8 • ISO 8859-11 • ISO 8859-15 • Unicode • UTF-7 • UTF-8 • UTF-16 • UTF-32 • Windows-1252
- Programming languages • Alphabetical list • Categorical list • Chronological list • Generational list
Electronics
Engineering • engineering fields
Medical technology: (see Health and fitness above)
Military
- Military strategies • Thirty-Six Strategies • List of military tactics
- Air forces of the world
- Military air bases: Royal Air Force • Royal Canadian Air Force • United States Air Force • United States Army • United States Coast Guard • United States Marine Corps • United States Navy
- Air force commands: Royal Air Force • USAAF NAF Component Commands
- Aircraft groups: Royal Air Force
- Aircraft squadrons: British Army Air Corps • British Fleet Air Arm • Royal Air Force • United States Air Force • United States Army • United States Marine Corps • United States Navy
- Aircraft "wings": Royal Navy aircraft wings • United States Navy aircraft wings
- Armies of the world
- General lists of armies (by number) • military corps (by number • by name) • List of military divisions (by number • by name)
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- United Kingdom: Regiments of Foot • British Army regiments (1881) • British Army regiments (1962) • British Army regiments (1994) • British Forces in the American Revolutionary War • Regiments of the British Indian Army (1903) • regiments of the British Indian Army (1922)
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- United States of America: Armies of the United States Army • corps of the United States Army • divisions of the United States Army • U.S. Army acronyms and expressions • US defense contractors • United States military bases
- Navies of the world: • fleets
- Military groups in WWI and WWII
- Australia: Australian divisions in WWI • WWII
- Britain: British Army Groups in WWII • British armies in WWI • WWII • British corps in WWI • British divisions in WWI • WWII
- Canada: Canadian divisions in WWII
- Germany: Prisoner of War Camps in WWII
- India: Indian corps in WWII • Indian divisions in WWII
- Poland: Polish divisions in WWII
- United States of America: American Army Groups in WWII
- Terrorists of the world: terrorist groups • terrorist incidents
- Military bases: military bases
- Military events: battles • guerrilla movements • invasions • military missions, operations, and projects • terrorist incidents • wars
- Martial arts: : List of martial arts • : List of martial arts weapons
- Weapons and miscellaneous topics
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- Military technology and equipment • weapons • World War II weapons • missiles • armoured fighting vehicles • NATO reporting names • Swords
- List of artillery • List of artillery by country • List of World War II artillery
- Military aircraft: Luftwaffe • Soviet Union and CIS • USA • British Army Air Corps • Royal Air Force • Fleet Air Arm • Israeli Air Force • Royal Australian Air Force • Royal Australian Navy • Royal Canadian Air Force • Royal Canadian Navy • Royal New Zealand Air Force and Royal New Zealand Navy • South African Air Force • Irish Air Corps • Armée de l'Air • aircraft weapons • NATO reporting names for miscellaneous aircraft • NATO reporting names for transport aircraft
- Naval technology
- Ships
- By era/war: World War II
- By type: Aircraft Carriers • Battleships • Cruisers • Destroyers • LSTs
- By operator: Royal Australian Navy • Canadian Forces • Germany • Indian Navy • Japan • Netherlands • Royal Navy (United Kingdom) • Royal Fleet Auxiliary (United Kingdom) • United States Navy • Military Sealift Command (USA) • Soviet Union
Space exploration • Unmanned space missions • Human spaceflight • human spaceflights • space disasters • human spaceflights by program • astronauts by name • Timeline of astronauts by nationality
Transportation • transport museums
- List of aviation topics • • Aircraft • Manufacturers • Engines • Engine manufacturers • Weapons • By date and use
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- Aviation accidents • By airline • By location • By year
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- Airports • FR • BE • GR • JP • PL • UK • AU
- Land transport
- Automobiles • Manufacturers • List of truck types
- List of convoy codes
- Cycles: bicycle parts
- Rail transport
- List of heritage railways
- Light-rail transit systems • Melbourne tram routes • metro systems (subways) • London Underground stations • closed London Underground stations • Melbourne railway stations • closed Melbourne railway stations • List of famous trains • List of railway stations - UK
- Road systems
- Roads and highways' • : US interstates • UK motorways • Highways in Australia • List of U.S. Routes • List of state highways in the United States
- Bridges • UK • USA • List of largest suspension bridges
- List of tunnels • NL • NZ • UK
- Nautical / Shipping technology: ships • fictional ships • sailboat types • Marinas
- Space transport: spacecraft
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Glossaries (all)
Air pollution dispersion terminology • Blogging • Broadcasting • Computing and IT
(Alternative terms for free software • Computer • Fisheries • Fuel cell terms • Internet • Legal terms • Object-oriented programming • Unified Modeling Language) • Firefighting (Equipment • Wildland fires) • Library and information science • Machine vision • Metalworking terminology • Mill machinery • Mobile phones • Nautical • Telephony • Textile manufacturing • Transport (Aviation, aerospace, and aeronautics • Automotive design • Rail (Passenger rail (NZ railfan • UK railfan • U.S. railfan))) • Woodworking (Joinery) • Winemaking
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Related portals (all)
Technology and applied sciences
- Agronomy • Architecture (Bridges, Portal) • Artificial intelligence • Biotechnology • Electronics • Energy • Engineering • Hazardous Materials • Home improvement • Nanotechnology • Nuclear technology • Robotics
- Information technology
- Typography • Apple Inc. • Blu-ray • Computer networking (Internet (Forums)) • Computer science • Computer security • Microsoft • Python programming • Software (Free software (Linux))
- Transport
- Aviation • Cars (Australian, Ferrari, Japanese) • Cycling • London transport • Nautical • Roads (U.S. Roads) • Spaceflight (Space tourism) • Trains (Rapid transit, UK Railways, UK Trams)
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Things you can do
Wikiprojects:
- Architecture
- Computing
- Electronics
- Energy development
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- History of Science
- Metalworking
- Technology
- Telecommunications
- Woodworking
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Expand stubs:
- Technology: Computer · Cryptography · Electronics · Engineer · Optics · Robotics · Telecommunications · Wireless
Requested articles:
- Computer science, computing, and Internet topics
- Technology and tools topics
- (French) Ekopedia to Ekopedia
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Associated Wikimedia
Technology on Wikinews |
Technology on Wikiquote |
Technology on Wikibooks |
Technology on Wikisource |
Technology on Wiktionary |
Technology on Wikimedia Commons |
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