Portal:Chemistry

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The Chemistry Portal

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P:CHEM
Colourful solutions in test-tubes. Welcome to the chemistry portal. Chemistry, from Greek language χυμεία meaning "study of liquids", is a branch of science. Modern chemistry focuses on the study of elements of the world and the bonds between elements. Chemistry also deals with composition, structure, and properties of substances and the transformations that they undergo. In the study of matter, chemistry also investigates its interactions with energy and itself. Because of the diversity of matter, which is mostly in the form of compounds, chemists often study how atoms of different chemical elements interact to form molecules, and how molecules interact with each other.


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Featured article - Selected picture - News - Selected biography - History and Philosophy - Techniques - Equipment - Chemistry in society - Chemistry in industry - Periodic Table - Resources - WikiProjects - Things you can do - Collaboration of the month - Related portals - Associated Wikimedia


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Featured article

A ribbon diagram of Dihydrofolate reductaseEnzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions that are catalysed by enzymes. The study of an enzyme's kinetics provides insights into the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, its role in metabolism, how its activity is controlled in the cell and how drugs and poisons can inhibit its activity.

Enzymes are molecules that manipulate other molecules — the enzymes' substrates. These target molecules bind to an enzyme's active site and are transformed into products through a series of steps known as the enzymatic mechanism. Some enzymes bind multiple substrates and/or release multiple products, such as a protease cleaving one protein substrate into two polypeptide products. Others join substrates together, such as DNA polymerase linking a nucleotide to DNA. Although these mechanisms are often a complex series of steps, there is typically one rate-determining step that determines the overall kinetics. This rate-determining step may be a chemical reaction or a conformational change of the enzyme or substrates, such as those involved in the release of product(s) from the enzyme.

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Selected picture

A vitrification experiment for the study of nuclear waste disposal at Pacific Northwest National Labs.
Credit: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Vitrification is a process of converting a material into a glass-like amorphous solid which is free of any crystalline structure, either by the quick removal or addition of heat, or by mixing with an additive. Vitrification is a proven technique in the disposal and long-term storage of nuclear waste or other hazardous wastes. Waste is mixed with glass-forming chemicals to form molten glass that then solidifies, immobilizing the waste. The final waste form resembles obsidian and is a non-leaching, durable material that effectively traps the waste inside. The above image demonstrates this process.

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Categories

Fields of Chemistry

  • Analytical chemistry: Chromatography, Spectroscopy
  • Biochemistry: Molecular biology
  • Crystal Chemistry
  • Environmental chemistry: Geochemistry
  • Inorganic chemistry: Inorganic reactions
  • Materials science: Nanotechnology, Glass
  • Medicinal chemistry
  • Nuclear chemistry
  • Organic chemistry: Functional groups, Organic compounds, Organic reactions
  • Organometallic chemistry
  • Pharmacy
  • Physical chemistry: Electrochemistry, Quantum chemistry
  • Polymer chemistry
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Theoretical chemistry: Computational chemistry
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History and Philosophy of Chemistry

Antoine Lavoisier

Many chemists have an interest in the history of chemistry. Those with philosophical interests will be interested that the philosophy of chemistry has quite recently developed along a path somewhat different from the general philosophy of science.

Other articles that might interest you are:

There is a Wikipedia Project on the History of Science and portals for the scientific method and philosophy of science.

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Chemistry Resources

Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Data is a collection of links and references that are useful for chemistry-related works. This includes free online chemical databases, publications, patents, computer programs, and various tools.

Science is Fun University of Wisconsin-Madison Chemistry Professor Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, shares the fun of science.

megaConverter The Web's best place to figure out what equals what.

General Chemistry Online Clear text and comprehensive coverage of general chemistry topics by Fred Senese, Dept. of Chemistry Frostburg State University

General Chemistry Demonstration at Purdue Video clips (and descriptions) of lecture demonstrations.

Intota Chemistry Experts A large online listing of real-world chemistry expert biographies provides examples of the many areas of expertise and careers in chemistry.

Chemistry Webercises Directory A large listing of chemistry resources maintained by Steven Murov, Emeritus Chemistry Professor Modesto Junior College.

MathMol MathMol (Mathematics and Molecules) is a good starting point for those interested in the field of molecular modeling.

Chemistry Educational Resources and Essential References from Wiley, the world's largest chemistry publisher

ABC Chemistry A directory of free full-text journals in chemistry, biochemistry and related subjects.

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In the news

Rohm and Haas Headquarters in 2007. Rohm and Haas Headquarters in 2007.
  • 7-10 US chemical giant Dow Chemical has announced that it is to buy Philadelphia-based rival Rohm and Haas. Dow is paying $78 per share, a 74 percent premium, which makes the agreement worth around $15.3 billion. The change will expand Dow's presence in the specialty chemical market. Dow plans to set up an advanced materials business unit at the Rohm and Haas headquarters in Philadelphia, and this unit will retain the Rohm and Haas name. Read more...
  • 2-15 Chemists modeling the structure of strongly acidic solutions have found that hydronium ions can associate into unusual ion pairs. Gregory A. Voth and Sergei Izvekov of the University of Utah, in collaboration with Feng Wang of Boston University, were examining the structure of aqueous hydrochloric acid at concentrations of 0.43-0.85 M, and they found that the ions unexpectedly associate into pairs. See doi:10.1021/ja078106i Read more...
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Selected biography

Amedeo AvogadroAmedeo Avogadro (1776-1856) was an Italian chemist, most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular mass. Avogadro's law implies that the relationship occurring between the weights of same volumes of different gases (at the same temperature and pressure) corresponds to the relationship between respective molecular weights. Hence, relative molecular masses can be calculated from the masses of gas samples. One of the most important contributions of Avogadro's work was clearly distinguishing atoms from molecules, admitting that simple particles too could be composed of molecules, and that these are composed of atoms.
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Techniques used by chemists

Distillation
Chromatography - Combustion - Crystallization - Decantation - Distillation - Electrolysis - Extraction - Filtration - Fractionation - Reflux - Spectrometry - Sublimation - Titration - using Catalyst
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Equipment used by chemists

Beaker
Aspirator - Beaker - Boiling tube - Büchner funnel - Bunsen burner - Burette - Calorimeter - Colorimeter - Conical measure - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - Mass Spectrometer - Liquid Chromatography - Gas Chromatography - Crucible - Cuvette - Laboratory flasks (Büchner, Erlenmeyer, Florence, Retort, Round-bottom, Volumetric) - Fume hood - Gas syringe - Graduated cylinder - Perkin triangle - Pipette - Separating funnel - Spectrophotometer - Schlenk flask - Soxhlet extractor - Stir bar - Test tube - Thistle tube - Static mixer
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Chemistry in society

A model of a helium atom
Acid rain - Air pollution - Amphetamine - Anabolic steroids - Asbestos - Aspartame - Aspirin - CFCs - Cholesterol - Cocaine - Carbohydrates - Carbon dioxide - Chemical warfare - Ecstasy - Enzymes - Estrogen - Fat - Fatty acid - Free radicals - Gasoline - Green chemistry - Heroin - Insulin - LSD - Morphine - Nuclear fuel - Nuclear fusion - Nylon - Paracetamol - Penicillin - Plastic - Radioactive waste - Ozone - Smog - Soil contamination - Sugar - Tamiflu - Testosterone - Viagra - Vitamins
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Chemistry in industry

Types of chemical industry: Agrichemicals - Oleochemicals - Paints - Petrochemicals - Pharmaceuticals - Polymers
Companies: AstraZeneca - Bayer - BP - BASF - Bristol Myers Squibb - Degussa - Dow - DuPont - ExxonMobil - GlaxoSmithKline - Mitsubishi - Monsanto - OSI - Shell - Sigma-Aldrich - Total
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WikiProjects

Chemistry - Chemicals - Elements - Isotopes - Physical Chemistry - Polymers - Rocks and minerals - Science - Spectroscopy
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Periodic Table

H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As S e Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba * Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra ** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
* La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
** Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr


Chemical series of the periodic table
Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Lanthanides Actinides Transition metals
Poor metals Metalloids Nonmetals Halogens Noble gases
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Things you can do

Here are some things you can do:

  • Accuracy disputes: Uranium#Hazards - more...
  • Attention: List of important publications in chemistry - Standard molar entropy - more...
  • Update: Podophyllin - Santonin
  • Articles needing an expert: Electrolysis - Ethyl nitrate - Iodobenzene - More
  • Expand: Absorption (chemistry) - Johannes Thiele (chemist) - Azo coupling
  • Merge: more...
  • Cleanup: Thermal decomposition - Digitonin - Dioxin - Polysorbate - more...
  • Requests: Potentiometric analysis - more...
  • Stubs: All chemistry stubs - Chemist stubs - Inorganic compound stubs - Organic chemistry stubs - Organic compound stubs - Physical chemistry stubs - Polymer stubs
  • Notability - Chemistry articles requiring attention
  • Peer Review: Uranium - Distillation - Palladium - Alkane
  • Collaboration of the Month: Catalysis
  • List of image requests - Category with requests
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Collaboration of the Month

The current Chemistry Collaboration of the Month is Catalysis.
Every month a different chemistry-related topic, stub or non-existent article is picked. Please improve the article any way you can.
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Related portals

Portal:Medicine Portal:Molecular and Cellular Biology
Medicine Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Associated Wikimedia

Chemistry portal on Wikinews   Chemists on Wikiquote   Chemistry category on Wikisource   Chemistry bookshelf on Wikibooks   Chemistry category on Wikicommons   Chemistry category on Wiktionary   Wikiversity School of Chemistry
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